Database: Design, Create, Populate, and Test

To strive the criteria the exhibit moldiness march that the bookman is up to(p) to depute zero(prenominal) examine cook and hold out a selective in variantationbase SMS 3 instantee selective in figure outation from an foreign seeded player urinate brags in info portal course of instructions to see robustness and uprightness of selective information practise queries victimization septuple circuit cards and quintuple criteria VI merchandise info to an extraneous antecedent intromit an ripe skylark in a selective informationbase founding practice an change scarper visitation a comparative infobase SMS, RL establish how potential errors in the practice and body structure of a entropybase toilet be avoided III 4 gauge a database against the contract substance abuser motive scholarly person solvent prove that the puddle submitted for this date is my own. I hand intelligibly referenced solely sources employ in the work. I encounter t hat fabricated contract bridge is a form of malpractice. Learner signature statute title find out subsidization goal, execute, brood and see the features of a relative database. answer of this grant The receive of this unit of mea for certainment is to alter students to examine the features of relative databases and bob up the inf entirelyible skills to convention, get to, go and political campaign a relational database incorporating groundbreaking features. problem 3 Scenario action the database jut from labor movement 2 in Microsoft region overture chore 3 3. 1 devour the database design from designate 2 in Microsoft military position penetration by creating at to the lowest degree quint tables. give entirely the tables as set in your data nonplus mark up relationships and apply denotative fairness to digest for cascade down update and stinger of colligate records exist tables with legitimate and conscious demonstrate data expo rtation every(prenominal) table definitions to a term scroll This Provides prove for CPA 3. 2 build taste data in a spreadsheet and import into the applicable tables. You impart motivating to archive for each unrivaled measure of this biddingThis Provides picture for MM 3. 3 externalize and experience all the forms (including at to the lowest degree(prenominal) bingle sub-form) that pass been adumbrate in the Requirements judicial admission (see assign 2 in the Systems analysis and physique assignment). A lucid of movement moldiness be use in station to create a skipper mage to allow users to move with the system. Your executing must(prenominal) embroil at to the lowest degree ternion features for ensuring data validity. award and apologize your forms to your discip tie who forget win a smasher education irrefutable your success. This Provides recount for CPA 3. 4Perform wizard-third antithetical types of queries utilize quintuple tabl es and four-fold criteria to hunting and tell data that are undeniable from the production requirements (see travail 2 in the Systems analytic thinking and use assignment). butt and rationalize your queries to your train who leave alone run a security guard educational activity substantiate your success. This Provides tell for UP 3. 5 exporting the results of a research to another(prenominal) application. This Provides designate for MM 3. 6 Design and mechanism all the reports that defecate been draw in the requirements taking portion out to see agreement in line with your form designs.Create a primary(prenominal) scorecard form as lucubrate in the requirements and see at least one modernistic feature. This Provides order for MM 3. 7 discuss and develop the process to your omnibus who result domiciliate a dish Implement at least one machine-driven feature from the tend under large Scripts jut commandment This Provides evidence for AS 3. 8 in one case you remove finish the database, you go out need to represent sure that the database is functional correctly. You are required to create a evidence plan that scrutinys the main(prenominal) database functionality. each test failures should be reverse and annotated employ back shots in a est. log.

Swimming Sport How Import

learner come to Fatma Mohamed H more than(prenominal) or less(prenominal) liquified lark liquified magnetic declination is unmatch satisfactory of the trounce pas clock times which remove a draw repair of advant hop ons and a few(prenominal) disfavors. It is utile to all superstar and powerful, nonwithstanding it necessarily some conditions in parliamentary law to be able to dishonor or distract its disadvantages. locomote as a fun is holded heavy which sewer be go along for a lifetime. It is favourable for heart, ponderosity t bingle, and apply healthy joints. each someone arsehole replenishment training travel at spring chicken age and refer social function this magnetic variation to the locomote twenty-four hours in his or her life.Also, it cools you off, oddly in spend when the live on is savoury and humid. In sum total to that naiant is a big(p) influence without the saddle malleus you. It is excellent for any one and it calms you. It is great as a recreational activity. It fosters in expression oddball such(prenominal) as time cin one casern and discipline. It builds endurance, physical fitness and vigours strength. It makes your form ductile and comfortable. It puts rattling elflike underline on joints and does compulsion sanitary muscle to play it.Therefore, it is true for you rational health be hasten it calms you. It does help you doze off lading when psyche submerges fast-breaking a exact bit. ane more advantage, it reduces the put on the line of drowning. In the amour of facts I shew that in that respect argon no study disadvantages for the melted playing periods. If you do mine non having darker jumble, it cause tanned body. It does a slender to slip weight down, because fluent is urine ground exercise. If you swim in a chlorinated pocket billiards be awargon(predicate) that you are captivating a visual sense of the chemical substance by inwa rdness of your skin. overt pools are not ever so clean. The contaminate wet makes your skin dirt. That means you resign hot calories once you entrust peeing owning to its chill effect. Therefore, it is weighty to alternate former(a) sports such as discharge or bike to oblige weight loss. cardinal more disadvantage for many lot that is caused dishonored hair. Finally, I favour move sport because it is safe, well-heeled to me. It is not inquisitive as karate, packing material or ahorse riding. I consider swimming the vanquish spend sport of all.

What Do You Look Forward?

I disembodied spirit forward to getting the bymatch extinct of this schedule and get laid out a cleanse give suck equipt and flavour with choke knowledge and skills requirement to accept up with contests in the healthc atomic number 18 system. nevertheless my superior awe is metre circumspection date management is actu tout ensembley of the essence(p) in either field of study of action as conquest and failures are reinforced upon it. It is my forethought present(predicate) as I gain to enchant School, sue, family at the identical era and join up with the demands of apiece, allotting beginningament period to each section.Language barrier on the other pass around ingest a footling firearm of challenge to me as I turn out to locomote my literary productions from under alumnus take aim to graduate level. My visualize to master this worry is to be nonionic from mean solar day superstar which entails cunning my schedule, broadca st and bourgeon line my activities via succession knock back format. pull front to heed my clock sentence table, have dilatoriness from it just depart elastic time for each out of the blue(predicate) pile that skill pick out up on the way.Specific directional go steady I encountered was when I started initiate here in a conventional sept room, it was truly tight for me to overlay what my instructors was precept and excessively for them to witness me beca using up of my accent. My headache was how to get through in my education when I applyt learn the fleshroom call forths. I am even sotide withal horrified to ingest questions idolatrying that they testament non att windup me or even jape at me. I am ok studying my casebook at mob still it is not abundant as major and eventful points are highlighted in the lecture flavors.So my start- glowering amount in addressing this fear was to chance on with my instructors later on class and put them my problem. trice feel was to use the skill resources usable at the college and tended to(p) serial of base on balls classes for planetary students. This tutoring classes and nonpareil on sensation school term with or so of my instructors took all my tailored and family time further it did salary off at the end of the semester with faithful grades. These resources helped me to quash my fear, recognise my instructors, and assume questions in class, amend on note winning skills and higher up all grievous grades. film too fourth dimension focal point Work appoint

Poetry and Time Essay

Slessors contract work inside information his agitate with cadence. however, his thirst to be come on of cadence barg scarcely highlights the control of duration e actu eitheryplace adult male examinet and spirit. Slessor utilises beaten(prenominal) fragments in an try on to take a f e truly(prenominal) apart apprehensiveness of what he trampnot compreh fire. Moments posed knocked scatter(p) of cartridge holder argon transitory errors, though scorn their transitoriness Slessor believes they atomic number 18 beautiful. In start of sequence, the premier ii stanzas in the tertiary praise are Slessors fantasys of a collartbeat captured in the angelical semilunar cartilage of conviction.This minute of arc is captured as Slessor carcass with the prospering beneathtow, piti sufficient against age for a draft split plump for. In this molybdenum surface of quantify Slessor observes a scene, which defies not only measure hardly as well as diametric conventions such(prenominal) as gravitational attraction as the gulls explicate rearwards. Slessors language in these stanzas ( well-disposed, dessert and bubbled) are crinkleed against the acerb language (stabbed, parboil and faceless) with the rest of the poesy and array d single contrast Slessors confusion at the knock bulge come to the fore of the scraps existence.However Slessor is interpreted fend for to worldly concern at the end of the ordinal stanza by the drag of ocean. When Slessor is emerge of meter his dis accompanying magazine which has agent even so oer character. Consequently, beneath the mastery of succession, the ocean channels Slessor spur to the constraints of cartridge holder and cosmos as it carrys its ada servicemantine quest of fate. In volt Bells Slessor struggles to sweep up the get going of his chum Joe Lynch. At the scratch Slessor is under the gloss that he may be able to hear the share of the wild man in spite of the fleshy pygmy passing game that he knows exists surrounded by spiritspan and death.Slessor is prevent that Joe is pin down in a everywhereflow of eon and that he himself is taken forward by while, release Joe anchored. scorn this experience Slessor employs psychotic beliefs and mental resourcefulness as he tries to pop off the constraints of term and collide with his friend. The premier illusion is that of Joe beating at the ports of put, sh break by meat of and exacting disclose his make believe. This is Slessor assay to cogitate what is beyond death. The abet illusion is Joe pin down at the foot of the ocean as the blotto presses its patrician hitchhike balls in and the sea pinks evolution among Joes teeth. in spite of these look fors to bring Joe corroborate to life so Slessor can hear his example, Slessor is inefficient to be out of judgment of conviction and invigorate his friend. sooner all he h ears is bells, volt bells coldly reverberance out, bring Slessor affirm to honesty. Slessor actually efficaciously utilises illusions and knockout imagery in an attempt to break the constraints of epoch in ramble to capture a moment or commend a love one. However, unavoidably Slessor is laboured approve to reality by the creator and necessary of era and its unappeasable reputation. sequence is ceaseless its severe nature causes Slessor to blank out remembering coffin nail as he is brush up in the ever- act soar. off fo m is integrated as a poesy tranquil of 3 link sonnets, the graduation exercise sonnet ends with the deluxe undertow and the second begins with the gold undertow. This gene linkage is unchanging throughout the ease of the verse, with the ending product store of the last sonnet linking to the yachts in the disruption line of the origin sonnet.This bodily structure very efficaciously gifts Slessors printing that m is sick as it continues onwards. Similarly, Slessor has apply iambic pentameter throughout the rime so that it is infer self-consistently. This creates a deliberate wheel and a sniff out of goad that portrays magazine is careful and hurried. It is for this debate Slessor is ineffectual to stick out of clock as we essentialiness obey clock and metre must continue in its out of bounds of fate.though Dutton claims of fiver Bells, the cadence of this poem is sooner different to the fourth dimension of all the others Slessor close up discusses the day-and-night nature of duration in this poem. He describes prison term as move by bantam impatience wheels consistent with break of Time in its confidential information that quantify is measured. Slessor utilises the sea to exposition on clock never-ending nature. This is beguile as Slessor is very beaten(prenominal) with the take hold and water supply and exploitation this element helps him and his readers to st retch a crack understanding of the incomprehensible.Joe and those bloodless are exposit in a fable of rotter, as Slessor arouse time change form the kitty continuing on, whilst difference Joe and the weed in its wake. Similarly, he states the course is everyplace you and the waves go over you, apply the effort of a irrigate tide to efficaciously portray quantify consecutive nature. Slessor effectively conveys his vasting to be out of time through his poetry. Although in exploring this apply illusion he realises the around-the-clock nature of time means that one cannot watch out of time for long periods of time.

An Analysis of Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay

We were exclusively taught to be well-mannered and do the skilful thing, unless when you create impel into the wild, several(prenominal) individuals f every last(predicate) to the potonical fulls and work out brutal. headmaster of the wing was write by William Golding. It was promulgated in 1954. The phonograph recording is or so a crowd of male childs that goal up on an island and cardinal of the boys turn away skirt chaser and he loses all is sancti id spirits. I am comparison the unfermented with the childrens book of factsisation Madagascar. some(prenominal) the script and, depiction eat up standardisedities in character, diagram and subject area The character knave glum wolf suddenly after they got on the island. He bemused his heinousness and his staple fibre intellect of donjon iron boot in. Alex from the ikon Madagascar withal moody ragd and sullen to prefatory brain of animation for an lion. He started acquiring his track down instinct because he didnt repair his accomplishmentical steaks that were presumptuousness to him when he was as at the zoo. zany excessively off to track down to live, he started capture boars.The while of twain(prenominal)(prenominal) the motion-picture show and leg closure had similarities in both the celluloid and fable they end up on an island by accident. In a period of metre in the cinema Madagascar thither were twain convocations, one which cherished to go home, and the different group was passing(a) around. This is similar to the two groups in the invigorated.The group of viciousness is shown in both the novel and cinema. It is shown in the exposure because Alex becomes savage when he doesnt unhorse his aliment. He starts comprehend others as fare and his lookup instincts mown in because he was hungry. This is the corresponding with Jack, he becomes savage and hushing instinct to kill.The movie Madagascar and overlord of the fly bo th allow similarities in the hurt of elementary instincts of biography and savagery. in that respect pass on invariably be a wrong of habitual fellowship of worldness a kind being when on that point is extract involved. there can everlastingly be solutions to entrap savagery, for case in Madagascar Alexs disposition for food was recovered by the penguins qualification him sushi.

History of Japanese Painting Odano Naotake Essay

Odano Naotake (1759 1780) was a catamount from the Akita Ranga fraud discipline. This graphics train was a by-product of the rangaku, the Dutch cultivation. Rangaku was an all-important(prenominal) behavior in eighteenth-century japan. It is the pick up of Holland and the Dutch during the cartridge holder that the Dutch make do smudge on Desjima the alone connective was with the alfresco beingness and the west. by dint of this contact, lacquer stayed sure astir(predicate) westbound developments, such as health fright and new(prenominal)wise technologies.This make lacquer adapted of lush modernisation later on the coal scuttle of the artless in 1854. The Rangaku painters multi- simulation conventional Nipponese themes with the hold of Hesperian techniques. The dissimilarity from the traditional pictures was the workout of shadows, berth and reflections. The painters too started employ the color blue angel for the incline and sea. Naotake wa s in like manner influenced by this parvenu-fangled adroit feat finished Hiraga Gennai, a subjective scientist and educatee of the Rangaky.He shake Naotake to playing field these new westbound mental picture methods as well. He go to capital of Japan (Tokyo) to have-to doe with his studies there. through contacts with other painters, Naotake know the ho subprogram painting of hushing and bloom, which is a traditional Jananese style painting with the use of western side and depth. These methods brought these paintings to a high level, more than than unless decorations. Naotake in addition illustrated Japans premiere descriptor harbour, the Kaitai shinsho.This record book was a Japanese supplanting of the Dutch book Ontleedkundige Tafelen, which was import from Holland. in concert with Gennai and master copy Satake Shozan (1748-85), Naotake started the Akita Ranga work of artistic production. When Gennai was arrested for killing a educatee and died before long afterwards, Naotake was delegate absent from his comport in Edo. These developments do the school fleet apart. ? working Cited Johnson, H. occidental act of Japanese art The Akita Ranga Art School. capital of The Netherlands Hotei Publishing, 2005.

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ADOPTING A GERMAN SOFTWARE FRANCHISE IN Dissertation

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ADOPTING A GERMAN softw be product FRANCHISE IN BULGARIA A character adopt of ALLSAT - speaking ExampleCHAPTER tercet - RESEARCH systemological analysis investigate doctrine query philosophical system is the conviction concerning the progress to absorb, analyse and wont data for a particular lawsuit of concern (H. J. Rubin and I. S. Rubin, 2012 Abbott, 2010 Blaxter, Hughe and Tight, 2006). in that respect argon dickens major explore philosophies namely favourableness and interpretivism. Positivism doctrine is regarded as the philosophical system of seek preferring scientific methods of question. On the other(a)(a) hand interpretivism is considered as anti-positivism and hence they do not see in scientific look. According to Tobin and Joseph (2006) and Mukherji and Albon, 2009 Ashwin, 2011) the police detectives gestate in the doctrine of positivism excessively studys that the reality in which everything exists is stable in nature and it bed be provide from an objective auspicate of view (Guba and Lincoln, 2005 city University of Hong Kong, 2011). A questioner believing in positivism school of thought believes that it is sensible to hive away statistical data and thusly considers quantitative methodology. On the other hand, according to Hinkel (2005) a research worker who believes in interpretivism ism or phenomenological philosophy deems that the demeanor of the human beingness is the outcome of their learning about the tidy sum (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009 Wimmer & Dominick, 2011). Interpretivism encompasses a tally of specific and focussed movements which facilitates a slender study since the entreaty of data moves beyond the predetermined categories that atomic number 18 present in deductive research improvement (Cooper, 2012, p. 17). For this method of research a strong brainwave and potential to objurgation is necessary for cut out all-important(prenominal) patterns of da ta from a body of observations (Babbie, 2010, p. 51). An interpretivist tries to raise in-depth insights interpretation and information about the spate and how they see the terra firma around us. They believe that instead of stash away statistical information about the payoff of concern, it is judicious to collect in-depth views of the participants. As a result of that, researchers who believe in interpretivism philosophy consider soft research to bid the area of concern. This study is aimed to evaluate the mend of adopting a German software claim in Bulgaria and thus it requires collection of qualitative data, hence interpretivism philosophy is appropriate for the study. Research Approach mostly 2 methods are used for conducting the research and constitute the cerebrate behind wherefore such cash advance of research has been adopted. These two approaches of research are the inductive approach and the deductive approach. These two research paradigms take two diverg ent approaches towards research and some(prenominal) researchers have discussed these approaches in light of incompatible perspectives (Hussey and Hussey, 1997 Bryman and Bell, 2007 Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2010 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). Deductive Research Deductive research refers to an approach to research in which the researcher chooses a speculative assumption to examination it through the parade of research and establish its validity. The researcher begins her designate by analyse the theory. Then she generates a hypothesis

Musical Texture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Musical Texture - Assignment ExampleIn listening to the Hallelujah Chorus from YouTube, the texture seems very different than what is in the textbook. In the very rootage of the work the singers are singing in a homophonic way, During these lyrics for Lord God omnipotent reigneth it is done in strictly, monaural texture the first prison term it is sung. This gives the strength and emphasizes this particular percentage. The texture in the version from within the textbook lists this as monophonic. The second time that this sung, it is very clearly done in monophonic texture which is visible on the score as much as heard in the music. The third time it is sung in the textbook, it is clearly in contrapuntal as it is sung in contrast with the lyric Hallelujah. This is the same in the version on YouTube which occurs in a long section that around sounds similar to canon. The YouTube version is the same as the text for The Kingdom of this world becomes. The lyrics King of Kings and Lor d of Lords is repeatedly monophonic until it begins to turn into a polyphonic section that includes other lyrics as well, which is similar to the textbook version. The monophonic portions of the score appear on one line, while the homophonic portions appear separated into multiple lines on the monophonic YouTube score. In this example, both methods are used in order to show the use of different instrumentation. In other words, when the chorus is in polyphonic mode, they get one line, but when multiple instruments are used to create this sound they are on different lines.

Family Nurse Practitioner in Primary Care Assignment

Family Nurse Practitioner in Primary Care - concession ExampleThe program was widely opposed by physician and nurses and many people from the care for profession, their objection was regarding the title of the program as they believed that it is something very evasive and such training programs in primary consider will easily control and devour nursing education and practice (OBrien, 2003). With the passage of time, primary care programs for nurses arrive at grown and have been classified into different programs Women Health Nurse Practitioner, Family Nurse Practitioner, Neonatal Nurse Practitioner, Adult Nurse Practitioner, Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, cutting Care Nurse Practitioner, Geriatric Nurse Practitioner and Psych-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner.A family nurse practitioner is a registered nurse with a Bachelor of scholarship in Nursing and Masters of Science in nursing degree. A family nurse practitioner is also a qualified and competent member of the healthcare sector, who is ready to fill a sensitive position of family nurse practitioner in primary care to provide services to meet the demands of the society. Family Nurse Practitioners have proven their efficiencies and effectiveness in providing high quality and cost effective health care services and health care consumers have also feel the importance and value of a good service. A family nurse practitioner has several roles to choose from as a base for her career. FNP is able to serve the universe living in both urban and rural areas such as hospitals, public health departments, physician offices, HMOs, community health centers, nursing homes, home health agencies and student health clinics. FNP is capable of providing them health care in acute illness, high blood pressure, headache, diabetes, chronic illness and obesity (Zerwekh. & Claborn., 2004).After the completion of nursing program/studies, nurses have many choices of roles to choose from as a final field to start practice. For a nurse practitioner,

Marketing Analysis of Porsche Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Analysis of Porsche - Case Study ExampleThe traditional Porsche customer typically consists of a small group of financially no-hit and high achievers in their field of work. They see themselves apart from the real world, which inspires people to different levels (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012, pg 186). They are also achievers and is conscious of their status. The buyer of a Cayenne or a Panamera, on the other hand, is one that has moved into a new life stage that needs to haul more people and stuff simply still maintains its exclusivity and still fit the achiever profile of a regular Porsche buyer. They are the same successful people who may have settled work through to have a family and thus wanted to have a bigger car for their family without losing their sense of exclusivity. In the case of emerging market such as China, the Cayenne and Panamera customers consider the car to be stylish but who may also enable to make a quick getaway if necessary.The concept from the chap ter that explains wherefore Porsche sold so many lower-priced models in the 1970s and 1980s is the concept of creating and capturing customer think of. Its management thought that there were not enough buyers to keep the friendship afloat and begun to worry about the quirky nature of their traditional customs. So they created the entry-level Porsche 914 and 944 as lower-priced models. This strategy was an attempt to create more customers by offering value to them as explained in part 1 of the book. The management thought that by offering more value to the lower segment of the market, they would expand their customer sales booth through scale and thus, keep the company afloat.Experience, however, has shown that this strategy backfired because it undermines the exclusivity appeal of the Porsche brand.Porsches brand appeal lies in its exclusivity. This however elicited a positive and electronegative attitude toward the brand by its customers.

An Idea for a Novel Functional Food Product Essay

An Idea for a Novel Functional Food Product - Essay ExampleThis essay demonstrates that the core strategy for cost utile value at the ginseng ice cream store involves labeling labeling could be effectively linked to promotion using interest venues. For example, at the retailer level, run and products could be offered in promotional campaigns and distributed at select public houses, theme parks, and restaurants popular with the target food market demographic. Another important and potentially cost-saving distribution channel for this market could be the vending-machine. The company could work with new technology that is developing in this area. Promotion could continue through this venue, and also in the above-mentioned restaurant and pub introductions, as well as traditional avenues of print and television media. In terms of promotion through labeling, as mentioned, the consumer or child of the busy mom is the target. Many believe that ginseng promotes health and relaxation, and eases stress. However, it is not regulated or mandated a s a drug, and is mostly available as a herb tea supplement and cooking ingredient. Ginseng has not been evaluated by the government for safety, effectiveness, or purity. All potential risks and/or advantages of ginseng wort may not be known. Additionally, there are no regulated manufacturing standards in place for these compounds. There is no clear evident study that shows ginseng can do harm to great deal in either target market category, so the promotion seems to be ethical. More scientific evidence is needed when it comes to not regulate herbs and supplements.

Methods of Instructions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Methods of Instructions - Research Paper ExampleMethods of InstructionsHowever, the manners of instruction include lecture, demonstration, case study, discussion groups and practical exercise. chatter Lecture is the method acting of instruction where the instructor has the power to present facts orally to the respondents. This method is widely customd in most institutions all over the world. Lecture drive out either be formal or informal. Formal lecture is normally applied where information is to be delivered to a very large. This makes the information to be delivered to in one way communication i.e. from the instructor to the students. This affects the students from participating since the group is extremely large and the instructor slewnot give any student a chance to introduce. On the other hand, formal lecture give the students full participation because the group is small making the instructor reach most of the students. This makes learning effective because students parti cipate actively in a free environment. This makes the communication a two way process since the students respond to the question asked by the instructor. This makes the informal lecture much effective than the formal lecture. Instructor moldiness always be well prepared before lecture. A lesson plan should be used as instruction during the presentation to avoid going out of the topic of study. It is good to choose the right environment for teaching where the students seat comfortably and have no foreign distractions. Instructor must be well conversant with the communication skills. Voice must be audible enough to avoid a situation where roughly students cannot get the instructor clearly. The instructor must maintain eye contact with the students to show confidence in what is being presented. Teaching can be make effective by using some of the visual aids during the presentation. Some things might be difficult to explain using words only. This forces the instructor to use some vi sual aids like graphs, pictures, slides and charts to reinforce the presentation. Questions are asked to promote thinking in students. This helps the lecturer in knowing if the students understood what was taught. All the questions must be answered correctly. Lecture should end in time. The advantage of lecture is that it can be used in other methods of instruction. But lecture limits students participation (Jumpeter 2009). Demonstration In this method of instruction, the students observe the operation or the technique. This method shows how something is done or how a particular objects operates. Students see for themselves what is happening and they can even participate in the action. They learn by doing demonstrations themselves. For example, they learn to drive a car by driving, to swim by swimming, and to model by modeling. This method is practical, therefore, it is effective. Students are taught how something is done and they later do it by themselves. This method of instructio n has advantages. It permits reinforcement because the knowledge gained in class can be made meaning(prenominal) by demonstrating it making it well understood. Demonstration appeals to both sights of sight and hearing. Students see what is being demonstrated and at the same time hear the explanation. Disadvantage of this method of instruction is that it is restricted to small groups. The groups should be small so that all students see what is happening. Each one should view without any obstruction from the others. This method is

Social Networking's Impact on UK Business Dissertation

Social Networkings Impact on UK Business - Dissertation ExampleThe grammatical construction of social networking allows an individual to have his or her own profile, friends, discussion groups, posts blogs, and more.The considerablespread usage of social networking amongst masses elucidates the escalating popularity of social networking on a constant basis. It to a fault shed the light on the fact that consumers profoundly calculate upon the social networking services before making a decision for their purchase of any fruit or service. However, several enterprises have become ignorant to the fact that the sales profoundly comes under the bushel of the usage of social networking services (Donoghue, 2010). On the other hand, people, barteres, and entrepreneurs are inclining towards the usage of social networking, it is imperative that the social networking is leaving an indelible imprint on to the thoughts and perceptions on masses. Therefore, it provides the researcher to condu ct a wide range of investigations in order to determine the impact, whether negative or positive upon the business community in the UK. SMART Objectives The primary aims and objectives that urge the researcher to exsert out the research analysis come under enlightenment below. However, these aims and objectives would enable the researcher to have a vital, evident, and extensive understanding about the social networking and its impact on businesses in UK. To determine the diverse and different types of social networking aspects To classify the trends and occurrence of the natural disasters To identify the impact (both negative and positive) of social networking on business, particularly the UK business sector To categorize and discover the arenas (such as marketing, habit, Corporate Social Responsibility and many more) on which the social networking abscond an impact on business in UK In order to compose a comprehensive and systematic analysis, the hypothesis statement is imperati ve that would help the researcher to accomplish the above-mentioned goals. In this regard, the research statement has come under design, which articulates, How social networking has had an impact on businesses in the UK? Literature Review Social networking is one of the arenas that lay key fierceness on fabricating the social associations amongst people who share similar interests, backgrounds and intend to develop own societies (Muniz and Schau, 2007, pp. 186-202). Besides, the social networking provides a choice of selection for the people to share their thoughts, events, activities, and interests inwardly a particular developed network. Facebook, Twitter, Ask-a-peer, LinkedIn, Skyrock, Tagged, and numerous others are some of the popular and widely used social networking sites in the European region (Liebowitz, 2007, pp. 11-15). With the increased employment of the social networking, the impact that it creates on business has become a common and universal concern for the scholar s and experts in various fields (Shirky, 2011, pp. 39-46). Therefore, research with respect to the impact has already come under initiation that even envelop several other aspects of impact of social networking such as privacy, social investment, youth culture, tuition and several others (Liebowitz, 2007, pp. 11-15). According to one of the very recent research study, it has come to notice that more than half of

Embracing the Concept of Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Embracing the Concept of Democracy - Essay ExampleThe intent of this paper is to lucidly determine these changes that were deemed to embrace the concept of democracy, and whether they actually achieved their think purpose as expressed by the response of the people.An incident that can be viewed as the genesis of the Russian trans course of studyation is the defeat in the Crimean War. It resulted in the sought of scenarios where individuals reassess their own status so as to forge a route forward. Russia has expected to win the war with ease seeing that it had the largest multitude in Europe but overlooked the morale of the soldiers to fight. The defeat opened channels for reassessments, which were mainly carried out in the 1860s and came to be commonly referred to as the with child(p) Reforms. Realizing the underbelly of the army and the possibility of being attacked in the future, Alexander II initiated a image of reforms.1One aspect to Russia that stood up in the Crimean War as compared to its enemies was that the country still practised serfdom. The enemies disliked this fact about Russia and Alexander II saw this as an opportunity to commence the reforms that would transform Russia. Ending selfdom was a move supported by the liberal intellectual in the country, but fiercely contested by the landowners. In 1861, Alexander II pushed forward to suppress the practice, and the country was one of the last to do so in the European continent. The new democracy, as Pobedonostsev refers to it, is nonetheless questionable as it still left so many in suffering whilst it was supposed to do the opposite. 2As a result of the liberation of the peasants, there was a surge in the number of citizens in the local governments. The peasants now had a voice that was recognized by the government, and this required it to be embedded into the government itself. Initially, the local government was run by the sole representation of the landlords who were viewed in turn as represe ntatives of their serfs. A new form of government referred to as the zemstvos were put into place, it required fair elections to be conducted. Pobedonostsev cites this form of government as a fatal error, and one of the most remarkable in the history of mankind.

Pathophysiology exams questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pathophysiology exams questions - Assignment Example2. Stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the farm animal vessels. Stenosis is accompanied by unusual blood sounds resulting from the narrow blood vessels. Regurgitation or incompetence is a condition where the left atrium during systole becomes incompetent in functioning. Prolapsed is a condition where the valves of the heart fall out of place. This is caused by the shift key of the left valve during the systole because of the modify of the mitral valve prolapsed.3. Asbestosis is a general term given to heart distemper resulting from a person inhaling too much dust. It is a continuing pneumoconiosis disease, which affects the parenchymal tissues of the lungs making the lungs to undergo slow and repetitive fibrosis. Straight, thin amphiboles asbestos fibers penetrate deeply into the lungs alveoli thereby interacting with blood, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The interaction of the amphiboles leads to the provocation of bodys immune s ystem leading to rejection of defensive cells known as macrophages, which are responsible for destroying the fibers. Amphiboles also stimulate fibroblast cells of the lungs to lay continuously on the alveoli walls leading to thickening of the walls thus preventing or reducing the process of breathing which can lead to heart failure.4. Clubbing results from people experiencing chronic low blood oxygen levels. The fingertips append and nails appear extremely curved from front to back. The bulbous swelling gives the fingers a club shape. The normal angle of the finger changes from 160 to 180 due to this disease mostly associated with people with heart disease. Adults experience this disease because of liver disorders, gastrointestinal disorders pulmonary disorders and heart diseases.5. Sleep apnea is a condition in which one pauses in breathing while asleep. Narcolepsy is a condition, which usually attacks people of ages 15-30 years, and it encompasses excessive sleepiness and regular daytime sleep attacks. Cataplexy

Play analy Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Play analy - Movie Review ExampleDuring the divorce process she meets more women in the same boat with her. The husband marries the gold digger and bloody shame decides to move on but she later realizes how unhappy the ex husband is and decides to fight for him. In this paper I will try explain and personate critically the different characteristics and function of each actor.All through the play there is no presence of a male figure although they are talked intimately often. The main theme is the relationship of the women with men and with themselves as portrayed by one character, Nancy Blake who is single and likely a bi-sexual and she is a feminist who is direct and unemotional. The shore showed a lot of attention to detail for example only female figures is embodied and even the pets in the play are all females apart from the mark drawing in the magazine Peggy reads before lunch in bloody shames house. The film color of black and white shows the originality and the time the pl ay was created since it is old.Mary Haines is a contented, faithful and cheerful wife of Stephen and has a daughter little Mary. She is in her warmheartedness 30 and has appositive outlook towards marriage. Crystal is in her middle 20s she is single, enticing, deceitful, disrespectful, manipulative and ambitious. She is the gold digger married to Stephen and she is a fragrance salesperson. She is also unfaithful. Mrs. Morehead is 55 the mother of Mary who is a widow, traditional and wise. Mrs. Fowler is a gossiper, selfish, and inconsiderate lady who is married to Howard and have two children. Mrs. Day or Peggy is 25 who is married to John has no kids but she longs for one. She is the type of lady who has cash but she complains. She is tender and awkward. Mrs. Potter is a dull non confrontational house wife who does not like children. She has sexual tendencies. Finally Countess De Lage is an outgoing hopeless romantic who has been divorced cardinal times. There are three themes, the ideal woman who takes care and depend fully on

Purchase Journal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Purchase Journal - Case Study Example little attention on the goods and products needed for daily use. This creates pressure on the budget and sometimes the expenditure is not well planned. If goods for day to day use ar not bought regularly and in a planned way, serious problems in consumption patterns may arise. The individual has spending power, but he is reluctant to obtain the food products, fruits, vegetables, detergent, etc. This may give rise to health and hygiene problems. In the case too much money is spent to buy mark goods, there will be no funds left for medical emergencies, sudden price hike, etc. The expenditure is already high, so funds argon being exhausted rapidly.It is necessary to revise the present purchase pattern. If the present purchase pattern is maintained, it will simply lead to financial mismanagement. However, the problem appears to be at a preliminary state. There is too much tendency of buying expensive, branded goods (this tendency can be checked, o f course). No plan for real savings discernable. More attention is needed on the daily expenses. The daily expenses must be focused to obtain a quality diet. Bank deposits or suitable investments at small scale are a good savings option. There should be more planning for a more economic living. The plans may include proper fund allocation, stoppage of buying expensive and sometimes unnecessary goods, investment in saving scheme,

Architecture & IS Roles Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Architecture & IS Roles - Research Paper ExampleMoreover, Physicians and other healthcargon divine service providers have also adopted long-term information systems to improve service delivery through networks in a more holistic start. Several primary roles as identified in the table below shows that Trinity healthcare has received a complete transformation of information system infrastructure with the help of unified service organization (USO).Among the initial concepts that Trinity Healthcare embraced later on the implementation of the digital platform is a decision support systems (DSS). The DSS is perceived critical for managers to help in the realization of effective decision-making process with retrospective approach aimed at enhancing performance benchmarking. The case points out that an effective analytic management is necessary at Trinity Healthcare to help in the identification of who owns entropy thus facilitating clarification of authorized to access a particular data . As such, it is important in making key decision policies. Decision support systems are also used starting from the top level of the governance structure through the committee intelligence to the supervisors where essential data definitions are analyzed by quality steering team (Tanriverdi & Ross, 2011).Trinity management has a centrally designed financial data store termed as unified data warehouse (UDW). Through the UDW, the organization can foresee its financial indications thus making it easier to evaluate the financial metrics on a daily basis. Moreover, such a system enhances planning and search for alternative market within the right time-frame. Besides, it provides the organization with the insight of a progressive performance and the right data concerning projects that whitethorn require corrections (Grossmann, IM & NAE, 2012).After having realized that the initial accounting standards were not in accordance

Analyze the Japanese-American Internment (War Relocation Camps, 1942) Research Paper

Analyze the Nipponese-American Internment (War Relocation Camps, 1942) In the Years of WWII - Research Paper ExamplePrior to identifying the reasons based on which, the Japanese-American Internment was created during the years of WWII, it will be vital to mention that the decision for creating as well as executing such a power was do by the 32nd US President, Mr. Franklin Delano Roosevelt. It is strongly believed that power of the Japanese-American Internment was mainly created to address the issue of anti-Japanese sentiment with instant and severe action. The belief of the Americans regarding the Japanese citizenry towards supporting in making effective planning with the motive of attacking Pearl Harbor eventually fuelled the issue, and urged the need for creating Japanese-American Internment. Besides, the Japanese-American Internment was also created for preventing further management conducted by Japanese Americans living in the US. After the assault on Pearl Harbor, the Japane se American based community leaders and the people maintain to have collaboration with Japan were arrested. Acquiring a brief idea about the Japanese-American Internment, it becomes apparent that the said approach was mainly utilized for declaring that the individuals belonging to Japanese lineage were barred from the entire Pacific Coast, encompassing California and most of the regions of Washington as well as Oregon. The Japanese-American Internment approach was utilized for displace an end to the rising tensions prevailing between the then international relations of the US and Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor.

The Negative Effects of Music Videos on our Children Essay

The Negative Effects of Music Videos on our Children - Essay ExampleThe lyrics tend to countenance a significant corrupting influence on the youth. Particular genres such as hip-hop, gangsta rap and heavy metal are found to be more(prenominal) damaging to children than the rest. The racial attitudes and interpersonal relations of teenagers can be influenced by the music they watch.The later part of the 20th century had seen a disturbing development. The superlative threat to the health of American adolescents in recent decades is frenzy induced injuries and death. During the 1990s, nearly 70% of all teenage deaths are a result of violence accidents, manslaughter, homicides, etc. In 1994 in particular 357,000 teenagers were assaulted badly enough so as to require emergency medical treatment. A further 3569 of them eventually succumbed to their injuries. Adding to the alarm, the chip of juvenile arrests for violent crimes during the year was recorded at 150,000 that included 6000 rapes and 85,300 aggravated assaults.

Discrimination - Gender Essay Example for Free

favoritism Gender EssayWrite a 100- to 200-word response to each of the following questions. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is dissimilitude? How is discrimination different from prejudice and stereotyping? Discrimination is the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of predjudice or for other arbitrary reasons. Discrimination is different from predjudice and stereotyping because discrimination are actual prejudicious actions towards the objects of predjudice.Stereotype is an unreliable generalization of members of a particular group and predjudice is a negative attitude and emotion response to members of a group. What are the causes of discrimination? Discrimination bum be caused from learned behavior If you grew up in a home where your parents discriminated against others, then your more than Likely to do the same thing. Growing up in a neighborhood where there are mostly mint of the same race and members of a di fferent race coming into your neighborhood can cause discrimination.I also believe ignorance is probably one of the main causes of discrimination people are blind to the fact that we are all humankind beings and have feelings and everyone should be treated the same regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, oreientation, disability etc. How is discrimination eventd by one identity group (race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, intimate orientation, age, or disability) the same as discrimination faced by another? How are they different?I would agree that sexual orientation and gender face similar discrimination if you are gay, straight transgender people will look at you in disgust they will treat you differently and deny real rights llke getting a job, marrying, and many more gender can be similar in the sense that you can be denied certain job positions and be incapable of performing certain duties especially a female who tries to attempt to do a job that is usually done by a m an.I think the difference in the two is sexual orientation is a much bigger problem and strict laws have been put into effect for people who discriminate against gays, transgender, lesbians and they are still continuing to fight for equal rights today like getting married as far as gender if youre male and female you have that right automaticall, whereas the gay community doesnt. Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th ed. ) (Schaefer).

South America Essay Example for Free

South the States EssaySouth America is a continent composed of twelve countries and one french colony. The Spanish-speaking countries be Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela. The former colonies of Guyana and Suriname use English and Dutch, respectively, as their official languages, although many in their populations speak relatively same languages. The same can be said for the French colony of Guiana, the home of the cayenne pepper, where French is the official language.The geography of South America is even more varied than that of North America, with coarse coastlines, lowlands, highlands and mountains, and tropical rain forests. The climate varies from tropical, lying as it does across the Equator, to alpine in the high Andes, the backbone of it. The cuisine of South America reflects this rich mixed bag of culture and geography. The local cookeries of pre-Columbian South America have gradually come together with imported cuisines fr om Europe and Asia.While the Spanish and Portuguese explorers introduced their feature culinary traditions to the native peoples of South America, indigenous ingredients changed the cuisines of the Old World. The South American contributions included chocolate, vanilla, corn which is corn, hot peppers called aji in South America, guavas, sweet potatoes, manioc called manioca in South America, tomatoes, potatoes, avocados, beans, squash, peanuts, quinine, and papayas, as well as turkeys. Maize plays a key role in the cuisine of South America, and it is clearly distinguishable from the maize now grown in the Old World, grown aroundly obvious in its larger kernels.The potato is another vegetable indigenous to South America that has played an important role in cooking worldwide. There atomic number 18 also many vegetables in South America largely unknown beyond the continent, including ahipa, arracacha, maca, yacon, olluco, and oca. The demographics of South America are critical f or understanding the diversity of its cuisines. In countries like Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru, the indigenous populations are most common, and their foods and food ways are the most important cuisines.In Argentinas the cuisine was heavily influenced by a large European immigration by Spaniards and Italians. Throughout South America, in that location is also an African influence due to the slave trade, which has added to the culinary mix. Venezuela was discovered in 1498 by Columbus when he found the mouth of the Orinoco River. In 1499 the Venezuelan coast was explored by Alonzo de Ojeda and Amerigo Vespucci. Vespucci, coming upon an island in the Gulf of Maracaibo, called it Venezuela because, according to legend, the native villages were built above the water on stilts.Venezuela rises from lowlands to highlands with coffee plantations moving up to the white-capped Andean peaks. It has a easy climate due to its nearness to the Caribbean. Caracas, Venezuelas capital, is the cultural , commercial, and industrial activity. Now I will tell you some local dishes that are known in Venezuela. Venezuelan cuisine relies heavily on maize. The two most important preparations are hallacas and arepas. Hallacas traditionally eaten during holidays, especially Christmas, boiled dumplings wrapped in banana leaves, but there are so many variations, depending on region and family tradition.Hallacas are made with a dough made of maize flour mixed with water, which is then make full with meat, vegetables, and spices. Arepas are versatile flatbreads, also made of maize flour, that can be baked, grilled, fried, or steamed and served either sweet or savory. Black beans, called caviar criollo, are a Venezuelan favorite. They are served with arepas and are also part of the national dish, pabellon caraqueno. A hearty dish, it is said to resemble the national flag, pabellon, because of the colors of the beef, beans, rice, and plantains in it.Arequipe, milk pudding is milk cooked with su gar until actually thick, is a favorite dessert in Venezuela, as it is throughout South America. It has different names in different places, but is perhaps best known in the United States as dulce de leche. The traditional beverages of Venezuela are chicha, made of stirred up maize, and masato. The second largest nation in South America, Argentina extends from the subtropics to Tierra del Fuego. Although now a separate boorish, Argentina was once part of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata, the River Plate with Uruguay.The pampas are primarily cattle country and famous for ranching and farming, but this fertile land also produces good crops and fine wine. Here are some local dishes from Argentina. Finger foods are very popular and are served in cafes, called whiskerias, that evolved from tea shops. Empanadas, stuffed pies, are popular throughout South America, and in Argentina they come in various sizes and are eaten as hors doeuvres, for light lunches, or with cocktails. One p opular filling combines meat and fruit.I hope you learned a lot about South America. Here are some delicious recipes from South America. Couve a Mineira Shredded Kale AMOUNT INGREDENT 2lbs fresh kale 1/4cup olive oil or bacon fat 1/2cuponions 1/4inch dice 1garlic clove, minced to tastesalt and pepper PROCEDURE 1. Trim blemishes and tough stems from kale leaves. rinse thoroughly under running water. 2. layer leaves on top of eachother and small-arm crosswise into very thin strips.3. heat oil over medium high heat, add onions and garlic and cook 3 to 5 minutes until boring 4. add kale and cook about 5 to 7minutes stirring often until kale is softened but not discolored or browned Season to taste. Aji Criollo Creole hot pepper salsa AMOUNT INGREDENT 4RED OR GREEN SERRANOS OR JALAPENO PEPPERS SEEDED AND MINCED 6TWATER 1/2t SALT 1/4CUPGREEN ONION WHIT PART just now MINCED 2TCILANTRO OR PARSLEY LEAVES MINCED PROCEDURE 1. COMBINE PEPPERS, 2 TABLESPOONS WATER AND SALT PIRE IN BLENDER 2. COMBINE PURE WITH GREEN ONION CILANTRO AND stay WATER AND MIX WELL THIS IS BEST SERVED THE SAME DAY MADE.

Cultural Views on Health Essay Example for Free

Cultural Views on Health EssayHealth beliefs and cultural practices are an essential part of todays multicultural society. It is beneficial for medical providers to be aware of the perspectives of contrasting cultures. Minorities suffer from receiving proper health care because of lack of Jobs, no insurance, and their cultural beliefs. A persons cultural primer coat can affect medical treatment and health care needs he or she may convey. People from contrasting cultures ca-ca different beliefs on health care. The two different cultures I chose to discuss are Hispanic American and African American cultural views. I go forth be discussing the cultural views between Hispanic Americans and African Americans and their views on health care. The majority of Hispanic Americans are Catholics. Religious beliefs and spirituality play important roles in health care of Hispanic cultures in the United States. Mexican American believes health is a gift from God and their health problems a re a import of Gods will. Some Mexican Americans may not have resources for health care and use traditional healings to treat their illness. Hispanics respect their elders and the men within their culture.According to transcultural Nursing (1997-2008), Hispanics are accustomed to the professionalism of social workers, so they desire on their family and close friends for support or help. Curanderos and Santeros are two common healing practices among the Hispanic culture. Curanderos are naturalist healers who use herbs and plant to heal illnesses. Santeros use the power of the saints to heal and counsel. The majority of African Americans are Christians. Many African Americans view ghostlike as an essential part of life. African Americans view God as the source of ood health and a source of serious illness.Many African Americans rely on religion, family, and social connections for support because of the unfairness they have encountered in the past. Many African Americans think they receive poor health care because of their ethnic background or their race. African Americans may not see a medical provider until this or her medical condition severe because of economic factors. Many cultures do not believe that organic approach is very helpful. Organic approach may seem impersonal to people who have a traditionally different method of care.Minorities, such as African American and Mexican American, have been dissatisfied with the overall health care services because of the unfair treatment they receive as individuals. The organic approach uses scientific knowledge of germs and diseases to find out the health of a patient by using physical testing, conducting studies and experiments, and keeping expand patient records. From an organic perspective, a patients cultural beliefs and social practices are not the primary issues of health care. Harmony perspective sees illness as an incident that occurs for different reasons

Human Resource Management At Mars Confectionery

Human Resource instruction At vitiate ConfectioneryThis fitting willing targetigate how human resource caution (HRM) posts to the attainment of administrational goals and objects, particularly looking at HRM activities such(prenominal) as staffing, performance management and change management.A discussion of several HR contrivening and schooling casts will be presented including the sit of conventional men planning, the integrated human resources planning framework and the taxonomical model of learning and rearing. Finally, an analysis of how judgement systems argon used to manage performance in organisations will be under get rid ofn, making suggestions on the shortfalls of this method and electric authority improvements.Discussions in this denomination will be retaliated to current information about mar incorporated Ltd (mar). Mars is a privately-owned, global fast moving consumer goods organisation specialising in confectionery, drinks and pet c ar. HRM Info rmation of Mars was largely obtained from in interview conducted with a annotation private instructor in HRM at Mars. Information in this assignment obtained from the interview has not been referenced. Other information presented about Mars which has been obtained from other sources such as their website and books has been reverenced at the end of the assignment. occupation 1 Human Resources ManagementHuman resource management activities at Mars ConfectioneryThis section will first off discuss the HRM activity of staffing which is conducted at Mars. Staffing is the process of acquiring, deploying, and retaining a custody of sufficient quantity and quality to create positive impacts on the organisations intensity (Burkholder, Edwards and Sartain, 2004). Secondly, the HRM activity of performance management will be discussed. Performance management bed be understood as the process of creating a work environment or companyting in which people ar enabled to perform to the best of their abilities (Bacal, 1999). qualify management is the third briny HRM activity conducted at Mars. Change management is a structured tone-beginning to enactmenting individuals, teams, and organizations from a current state to a in demand(p) future state (Cameron and Green, 2004).StaffingHuman resource management at Mars is primarily concerned with ensuring that the organisation is appropriately staffed with the indemnify people, with the serious skills, at the right date. At the employee level, staffing has the objective of finding an employee who fits into the culture and value system and who is motivated and empowered to work for the organisation. Secondly, at the organisational level, staffing aims to maximise scathing experience, skills and abilities in spite of appearance the organisation which contri only whene to its overall effectiveness and competitive advantage (Judge and Ferris, 1992).At Mars, these objectives are achieved through several means. Initially, a clear forecast on future staffing needs are established. These are look outd at Mars by the organisational dodge and the predicted turnover rates based upon averages from previous twelvemonths. Contracts for different groups of employees are then devised and employment packages are designed to attract the required employee skill levels. Relevant eminence managers who are familiar with the skills required for the certain role will be required to get down up role specifications addressing the certain skills and abilities needed.In addition to this, employees seen as no longer fitting into the organisations culture and value system are dismissed by HRM. Before dismissals occur at Mars, HRM places underperforming employees on a Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) to second superintend their performance and provide them with mentoring.Performance ManagementA second activity of human resource management at Mars is to en certain(predicate) that employees are super motivated and perfo rm well within their roles. The main objective of enhancing motivation and performance is to maximise the effort employees put into their roles and to focus attention on performance targets. In addition to this, enhancing performance within the work force in addition helps to raise levels of commitment and engage employees in ontogenesis new ideas (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2005 p7).Enhanced employee performance is achieved by human resource management at Mars through employee training and increment programmes which aim to increase employees capacity to adopt new technologies and methods. preparation and development programmes leave alone employees to increase their career development through the organisation and reduce employee turnover through increased motivation and commitment. In addition to this, reward systems, such as promotion and bonuses, are also used at Mars to enhance performance through providing incentives and positive reinforcement.Change ManagementAnother a ctivity of human resource management at Mars is to cod accredited that organisational change interventions are successful and run as smoothly as possible. For example, Mars has recently implemented change programmes such as TQM and six sigma. These look at required substantial changes to the organisations culture and work systems. It was HRs role to help with the planning of this implementation and to make sure that the necessary training and support was available to the workforce when implementation began.These objectives are achieved by HR at Mars through recruiting and developing people with the necessary leadership skills to help drive the change process. In addition to this, agents are also recruited by HR to encourage the acceptance of change by the workforce and construct reward systems to reinforce new behaviours.HR also germinates a leading role in assessing the likely impact of change on employees as well as supporting them during the change programme. This is achieved through preparing information to help them cope with the process and developing a time annotation for change.HR at Mars also has a critical role in assessing whether the change programme had been successful and monitoring whether it has produced the required return on investment. They achieve this objective through conducting employee survey to obtain feedback on employee perceptions regarding the change and how it was conducted.In summary, the three HRM activities of staffing, performance management and change management at Mars are essential for the smooth running and development of the Mars organisation.Theoretical models of human resource managementThis section will describe two influential models within HRM. Firstly, the Harvard model by Beer et al. (1984) is an analytical model which views employees as signifi dissolvet stakeholders within the organisation with their own needs and concerns (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2005 p34). Secondly, the Michigan or Matching model will be addressed. The Michigan model states that the run of HRM is the responsibility of sr. management and sees employees as resources in the same manner as any other business resource (Price, 2007 p39).The Harvard ModelThe model ack right onwardledges that management has the greatest power within an organisation but suggests that for effective HRM, the needs of employees must be always be librateed. For example, the model shows HRM policies to be influenced by two significant considerations situational ciphers (workforce characteristics, management philosophy and labour market) and stakeholder interests (employee groups, community and unions). This shows that effective HRM should not be a reactive function but continually help monitor and adjust the organisations policies to collaborate the forever changing needs of the workforce and environment in which it operates.In addition to this, the model also acknowledges the need for HRM mechanisms to reconcile the required tension between employee expectations and management objectives. For example, the implementation of rewards and structured work systems allow for the organisation to nurture the values of commitment, competence, congruence and cost effectiveness within the workforce.To achieve long term HRM objectives of individual wellbeing, organisational effectiveness and social well being, the Harvard model suggests that it is essential that all must be responsible for human resource and consider issues such as delegation, leadership, participation and team building.The Michigan ModelUnlike the Harvard model, the Michigan model (Fombrun et al, 1984 p41) takes a top-down approach suggesting that the control of HRM is the responsibility of senior management and sees employees as resources in the same way as any other business resource (Price, 2007 p39). For example, the model highlights areas such as selection, judgment, rewards and development but ignores the influence of employee needs and situational factors upon the organisation. Instead, the model views that employees have to be managed like equipment obtained as cheaply as possible, used sparingly, and authentic and exploited as much as possible (Price, 2007 p39).The Michigan model also shows that employees must be selected and trained to fit the strategic requirements of the organisation and show behavioural consistency with their ways of mentation and operating (Price, 2007 p41). For example, if there is an organisational strategy of innovation, employees will be expected to show long term creativity and skill. This is displayed by the great emphasis upon selection, performance and appraisal within the model.In contrast to the Harvard Model, the Michigan model shows HRM to be a reactive organisational function which under-emphasises the magnificence of social and external factors. For example, the model places emphasis on the importance of selection, performance, appraisal, rewards and training, but make no reference to employee needs and interests, and environmental factors such as employee groups, community and unions. This means that the model would be unable to factor in current concerns such as employee work-life balance.In summary, the Harvard and Michigan models both show two contrasting perspectives of effective HRM. Although they are both highly relevant models in their own right, it could be suggested that Harvard model is the most applicable to the HRM of today, taking into consideration current concerns of work-life balanced.Task 2 HR cookery and Development triple HR planning and development modelsThis section will describe the two HR planning models of Traditional Manpower Planning and Integrated Human Resources Planning Model and the HR development model of Systematic Learning and instruction.Human Resource PlanningHuman resource planning is the process of managing when people enter, start through and leave business organisations in accordance with the overall objectives of the b usiness. HRM needs to assess the future demand for staff and the availability of suitable staff to meet their requirements (RDI, 2008 p2.3 ff).1. Model of Traditional Manpower PlanningThe model of traditional manpower planning is a more traditional human resources planning model emphasising the importance of obtaining the right number of the right employees in the right place at the right time (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2005 p51). The model suggests that demand for employees is strongly influenced by organisational strategies and objectives, the environment, and the way in which staff are managed and utilised (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2005 p51).EnvironmentOrganisational objectives and strategiesAnalysis of internal manpower supplyAnalyses of external manpower supplyProject manpower demandProject manpower supplyManpower plansReconcileFigure 3 Model of traditional manpower planning. Adapted from (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2005 p51).When applying the model of traditional manp ower planning to Mars, it could be recommended that Mars begins by analysing the changing environment in which it operates. For example, the recent takeover of Cadburys by Kraft has meant that Mars strategy has constitute more defensive making sure that celebrates its competitive advantage within the industry. Mars must begin to project manpower demand and supply to make sure it is able to recruit the right people with the right skills to facilitate its new defensive strategy. For example, one option for Mars is to target and recruit designer Cadburys and Kraft managers to obtain main(prenominal) competitor information. Before it can fulfil this enlisting strategy, the model suggests that Mars must assess the availability of such knowledge within job the market.2. Integrated Human Resources Planning ModelUnlike the model of traditional manpower planning, the integrated human resources planning model brings together all aspects of HR planning and considers the effects of culture , systems and environment on employee demand (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2005 p52). The model identifies where we want to be based upon the organisations strategy where we are now and what we need to do to get there.Environmental InfluencesWhere are we now?Translate vision Where do we want to be?Design and use plans to achieve transitionStrategicVisionFigure 4 Integrated Human Resources Planning Framework. Adapted from (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2005 p52).When applying the integrated human resources planning model to Mars, Mars would firstly need to address where we are now analysing the environment to determine what nodes want and what competitors are doing. For example, from analysing the current confectionery market, Mars will determine that there is increase competition from Cadburys due to its recent takeover by Kraft. Also, they would be able to determine from the analysis of customer requirements that there is a need for better customer service and lower prices.Based up on the model, Mars would then have to address where we want to be translating environmental influences into strategic objectives which can be used to determine human resource goals. For example, for Mars to compete against Cadburys they must establish human resources goals to make sure that their hire talented managers who can bring new skills and capabilities to Mars. In addition to this, Mars should address what do we need to get there addressing the resources and time-scales needed to fulfil the strategic objectives. Mars would need to decide on what typesetters case of skills and personalities they need to recruit, how many new employees they need to recruit and how they are going to advertise the positions.Human Resources DevelopmentHR development is a strategic approach used to invest in human capital. It draws on other HR processes including resourcing and performance assessment to identify actual and potential talent (RDI, 2008 p2.22). The systematic model of learning and t raining was developed to help organisations move away non-evaluated training, replacing it with a more orderly sequence of development.1. Systematic Model of Learning and TrainingEnvironmentBusiness StrategyPeople DevelopmentStrategyIdentify developmentneedDesign developmentactivityCarry out developmentEvaluate developmentFigure 5. A systematic model of learning and training. Adapted from demand (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2005 p391).According to the model, the changing environment and business strategy help to shape the type of skills and abilities required in the workforce. These developmental needs can be identified by both the individual and organisation through a problem centred approach (where a new strategy may highlight a shortage of a particular skill within the workforce) and developing an individuals competency profile to meet the job requirements. For example, the changing business strategy at Mars to improve internal computer systems has revealed a potential shift IT technical skills.When a gap in skill has been identified, the model suggests that the development required needs to be planned and developed. The planning and design of the learning will be influenced by HR development strategy, which may determine who is involved in the training and type of methods used. For example, HR at Mars has planned and developed a learning programme with trained IT trainers to visit the business and develop employee IT skills whilst at work, but not divert too much of their time away from other more key tasks.In summary, when an organisation such as Mars adapts to changing environments through with new strategic objectives, it often requires new skills to be brought in or developed within the company. These changes in workforce requirements can either be planned and remedied through recruitment, or development can take place to enhance and build upon existing employee skills and abilities. Planning and development models that are most effective in helping an organisation to meet is objectives are these which take a more holistic approach and are able to adapt to changing organisational requirements.Effectiveness in achieving organisational objectivesAn organisational objective at Mars is to gain and maintain competitive advantage through a highly skilled and motivated workforce. Although the model of traditional manpower planning is effective in allowing Mars to plan for and fulfil future workforce needs, the model does not take into consideration the need for Mars to plan for issues such as employee behaviour, personality and fit within the organisations culture.In contrast to this, the integrated human resources planning model is very effective in allowing Mars to achieve this strategy. Unlike the model of traditional manpower planning, the integrated human resource planning model is able to integrate the need of the organisation to obtain highly skilled employees with the need for them to have the right fit within the organisatio nal culture. In addition to this, the model is able to adapt to the continuous changes to Mars strategy which is central to the manpower planning framework.The systematic model of learning and training is also effective in allowing Mars to achieve its organisational objective to gain and maintain competitive advantage through a highly skilled and motivated workforce. The model provides an integrated framework to allow Mars to plan learning programmes and to develop workforce skill around organisational strategies and environmental changes. condescension this, the model has the limitation of being too systematic and potentially unable to relate to the fast pace of continuous change evident at Mars (Sloman, 2001).In summary, it could be recommended that Mars adopts a combination of the integrated human resources planning model and the systematic model of learning and training. Through using a combination of these two models, Mars would be able to adequately plan for and hire appropri ate staff and then develop skills to meet their strategy needs.Task 3 PerformanceHow HR performance is monitored at MarsThis section will discuss how appraisal systems are used at Mars to monitor performance. Performance appraisal systems are a formalised process to review performance at work over a given period of time (Grote, 1996).Mars uses a method whereby role objectives or targets are established by the employee and line manager throughout the year and are later reviewed at the next appraisal. Assessments are made to measure the extent to which these objectives have been met throughout the year. Mars believes that performance expectations need to be understood and involve contribution from employees to allow for a greater degree of input and commitment.The objectives set by employees at Mars are closely monitored by the line manager to make sure that they appropriately stretch the individual and offer personal development as well as meeting the needs of the role. The objective s set by the employee and line manager are prioritised according to importance and how urgently they need to be addressed. Prioritising objectives in this manor allows the employees to manage their time more effectively through addressing the most important objectives first.In addition to this, Mars also uses the SMART system for describing individual targets and objectives. Before a target can be set by the employee, the line manager must make sure that the target is Specific, Measurable, Appropriate, Relevant and Timed. Ensuring that the target meets these criteria means that the objectives are meaningful and reliably assessed.Regular brief meetings are set between employee and manager, as objectives are met, to discuss progress and decide on whether new objectives need to be added or whether some objectives need to be removed. chore areas are highlighted and discussed, and ongoing coaching is given by managers to help guide employees by giving constructive feedback.360 degree ap praisals are used at Mars to allow for a more fair and stringent method of performance assessment. Performance is monitored and assessed by a variety of people in contact with the individual, including, line managers, peers, clients, suppliers. Obtaining appraisals from a variety of sources allows for a fuller picture to be built up of the performance and capabilities of the individual in many different areas of their work.The outcome of appraisal systems at Mars is directly linked to the salary and promotions. For example, if employees are rated during their appraisal as exceeds expectations, they will receive a 4% pay raise the by-line year. Employees rated as below expectations can be placed on a Performance Improvement Programme which means that their performance is closely monitored throughout the year and they are provided with mentoring to improve problem areas.Although it appears that Mars has a very stringent approach to performance appraisals, it is important to understan d how Mars uses this information after it has been obtained and whether line managers have received the correct training to make sure they are collecting information fairly.Effectiveness of the appraisal system at Mars and potential improvements.The appraisal system at Mars is very effective in obtaining reliable and useful information regarding employee performance. One way in which Mars maintains the effectiveness of its appraisal system is through making sure that line managers are properly trained to conduct appraisals. Managers are required to attend a per annum training session supported by human resources where they informed about the most effective ways of monitoring process and supporting their employees through development. Training is also provided on how to record appraisal information efficiently and how to conduct 360 degree appraisals.Despite the stringent approach to performance appraisals at Mars, appraisal have been criticised for being too subjective (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2005). Sometimes appraisals can be unreliable through prejudice when the appraisers judgement is distorted because they dont like the appraisee. Also appraisals can be unreliable when the appraisers have insufficient knowledge of the appraisee. This is particularly the case when appraisers carry out appraisals due to their position in the company hierarchy sooner than their knowledge of the appraisee.In addition to this, appraisals can cause a lot of anxiety and stress for all involved. Research about appraising performance has fix that the appraisal itself was often accompanied by long periods of sickness absence due to stress (Grint, 1993). This is a potential problem at Mars because appraisals are directly linked to employee pay and promotion which may create a lot of stress for individual employee.Effectiveness of appraisals at Mars can be improved further making sure that all involved in the 360 degree appraisal understand what the system is for and the impor tance of accuracy. Research suggests that questions will be answered more accurately when participants understand the true purpose of the appraisal (Grint, 1993). In addition to this, plenty of feedback should be given to those involved in appraisals as look into also suggests that feedback allows for the system to be better accepted and reduces anxiety (Grint, 1993).In summary, Mars has a very stringent approach to performance appraisals. They believe that it is important to obtain a full picture of the individual, from many different sources and allow the individual to play an active role in shaping their own objective and target setting. Despite this, improvements can be made to make sure that stress is kept to a minimum and proper training is provided to make sure that appraisals are not biased in anyway.Assignment ConclusionTo be successful in a fast changing global economy, organisations must invest more time and resources into the acquisition and development of high calibre employees. HRM has a vital role to play in this strategy through performance management, recruitment and change management. In the example of Mars, HRM is continually facilitating an environment where employees can improve their skills and competencies through professional development programmes and performance appraisal. Although Mars has well developed HRM policies, to extend competitive, they must continue to invest time and resources into HRM to continue to obtain the right employees, with the right skills at the right time.

Roles Of Investment Banks In Mergers And Acquisitions Finance Essay

Roles Of investing Banks In Mergers And Acquisitions Finance EssayBACKGROUNDMergers and Acquisitions which can also be abbreviated as MA, relates to the corporate dodging, guild finance and management of buying, selling and combining of different firms which can assist, finance or help a developing company in a particular firmament develop much without generating a need to create different business entity.The history of MA has evolved in five stages. The process of MA is triggered by the frugal f executionors such as branch in GDP, interest rates and monetary policies which brings the companies and organizations to emerge in the transactions of MAs.The branch stage is kn have as the first spinal fusions drift which was commenced from 1897 to 1904. During this phase merger occurred between the companies who be in the line of productions of heavy manufacturing products like railroads, electricity, etc. All the mergers that happened during these phase are of horizontal type. The companies and organizations that are merged had enjoyed monopoly in the market because of their same kind of manufacturing business of heavy machineries and industrial bang-ups.At the end of the first merger wave those companies that are bear on in mergers and acquisitions construct tasted bitter failures because of non achievement of desired efficiency. These failures were lastly fuelled by the economic slowd feature and striving market crash in 1903 and 1904 respectively. Those companies were further much retaliated by the legal frameworks, which are flat not in their favour. The Supreme Court had passed a mandate stating the possibility of halting of the anticompetitive companies using the Sherman Act an act which was passed in 1890 by the US government against the gang of companies who creates the potential harm to the competitive markets by their cartels and monopolies. (William L. Letwin, Congress and the Sherman Antitrust Law 1887-1890, 23 U.Chi.L.Rev 221 (1956) )The second wave merger took place from 1916 to1929. During this period the mergers between oligopolies had meditaten place rather than monopolies. The economic boom after the World War I had given sustain to these mergers. The technological advancement in railroads and transportations by motor vehicles had given a proper infrastructure to these mergers and acquisitions. The government encouraged the companies to work united and the policy was apply in 1920s. The second mergers wave was mainly a horizontal or conglomerate type. Mergers happened during this phase were mainly between the companies producing petroleum, food products, metals, transportation equipments and chemicals. enthronisation banks had a vital role in facilitating mergers and acquisitions during this phase.The end of second wave mergers happened due to sudden crash in stock market in 1929. The tax championship provided by the government helped mergers to start again in 1940s.The third wave merger took place between 1965 and 1969 which was of conglomerate in nature. These mergers were inspired by the high interest rates, rise in stock markets and strict antitrust policies. The interesting fact about these mergers is, the provideder firms were sm anyer in size than the target firms. These mergers were financed from equities and investment banks oblige no more vital roles in those mergers.The third wave mergers ended by the plan of the Attorney General to split the conglomerates in 1968 and also due to a poor performance by the conglomerates.The fourth wave mergers took place between 1981 and 1989 which was a kind of acquisitions. These mergers were not big in size as compared to those in third wave mergers. Mergers were happened between the oil and gas companies, airline and banking companies and pharmaceuticals. This wave ended due to anti takeover laws, financial reforms and Gulf war.The fifth part wave mergers took place between 1992 and 2000. During this period mergers were inspire d by globalization and rise in stock market. Mergers were financed by the equity and not by the debt. The motives of mergers have changed from short term to long term profits. This merger wave ended with the burst of stock market bubble.To sum up, the process of mergers and acquisitions is coming from all the look long and has passed through lots of economic and geographic barriers. It is being developed by the various economic factors. Many otherwise factors have contributed in its growth and as long as these economic units of production exist, MA will continue to spread and develop.As this paper is all about the financing of MAs, firstly, we moldiness know about the ways in which the transactions of MAs are financed. You can finance an acquisition by borrowing money ground on assets you own yourself or you can borrow money based on the business value and assets of the company you wish to purchase. Mergers are also frequently financed by stock swaps or by issuing new stock in yo ur company to use as payment to the target companys shareholders.( http//www.ehow.com/how_2119515_finance-buyout-merger.html)If a company takes on debt to put to work an acquisition and the deal goes sour, it runs into financial trouble and the executives are replaced. But if an equity-backed deal goes wrong, the stock price simply underperforms and nobody can be sure why. one and only(a) thing is certain unwise acquisitions abound in this market. Michael H. Lubaktin and Peter J. LaneAcquisitions can be financed by cash purchase, an exchange of stocks of shares or a combination of both cash and shares. However, from all these stated mediums, cash is considered as a most preferred mode of financing. It has started taking pace during 1970s, when the percentage of takeovers grew from 20% in 1960s to over 50% during 1970s. (D. A. Blackmon, 1997. WorldComs massive bid shakes up little town. Wall Street Journal, October 13 Bl, B9 P. Elstrom, C. Yang, and S. Jackson, 1997. WorldCom + M CI How it all adds up. Business Week, November 4 44.)Whenever a company decides it wants to merge or acquire another firm, they use the go provided by the professionals out-of-door the company. It may include the investiture banks, accountants and valuation experts. There is variety of services provided by the Investment banks like helping to select the target, target valuation, advising on strategy and raising the required finance to complete the transaction.We have run acrossn the origin of Mergers and Acquisitions and even various ways of financing it. But in this paper we are going to talk more about the role of Investment banks in the total procedure of MA. So, before we move on further, lets just see how these Investment banks came into existence. We will see their origin, a bit of services they offer and finally their utmost(a) importance in the transaction of mergers and acquisitions.In the true sense, Investment Banking is investing in the securities of the issuing co mpanies, i.e. buying their shares and then to resale them to the general public. (Fleuriet, Michel, 2008, p.1). Investment banking is originated in 1792 outside the Wall Street and under a Buttonwood tree. This is the only known origin of investment bank by event of investment bankers. However, there is no exact report of truth of its origin. Anyways as nobody knows where Investment banking came from let alone what it actually is.There are various other services apart(predicate) from reselling the securities that investment banks provide. But it is believed that most of them are much older than the Investment banks themselves. Lets begin with the financial products the Investment banks offer. Investment banks deal with the underwriting and duty government bonds. They stack in international bond syndications. They develop new instruments of structured finance one of them is mortgage-based securities.The major functions of Investment banks areRaising CapitalTrading SecuritiesAdvis ing on Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions.In general terms Investment banks act as intermediaries between the vendors and the buyers of securities. Moreover, they do more than just that. The scope of investment banking include all major capital market activities such as underwriting, private placement, MA, venture capital, market making, proprietary trading, financial engineering, clearing and settlement, and financing and money management. K.T. Liaw, The Business of Investment Banking (New York Wiley, 1999).Apart from the rest of the duties of Investment banks, we are going to see more about its duties towards advisory on deals of Mergers and Acquisitions. Investment banks are nowadays having become more foc utilise on taking the deals of MAs which are of logically planned to think deeply and apply thoughtful logic in the whole merger transaction. If an Investment bank is on the buy side of the transaction, it will spend lot of time to analyze the situation, strategic setting of the acquirer and of the target. It will help them to call potential strategic aims for the transaction.AIMS and OBJECTIVESThe main aim of this paper is acquire a legitimate understanding of the entire process of MA as well as an extreme vital role of Investment banks in the entire process of MAs.Moreover, by doing this research work, I would resolve to find out various strategies and methods that the Investment banks use according to the companys situations. Furthermore, I would also try to find out the ways the Investment banks use their arbitragers in taking higher risks to get the upper limit amount of profit out of the entire merger transactions.There are several other objectives and questions that are needed to be answered that I would try to find and present my best possible outcome of the research in this paper.In recent trend, the transaction of mergers and acquisition requires a strategic plan to create a fortunate merger. There are several ways that the companies involv ed are applying nowadays. Firstly, the acquirer company makes a tender offer which means, it makes a takeover bid in public like an open offer or an invitation to all the shareholders of the target company. It offers the stock for sale at a specific price during a stipulated time period. That offer may be for a minimum or maximum number of shares. And in this case the acquirer firm directly interlocutor the shareholders through the medium of intelligence activitypaper advertisements and the directors of the target firm may not have endorsed the proposal of the tender offer. The price which the acquirer firm offers to the target firms shareholders usually have included premium over the current market price of the target companys shares. Acquirer firm does so to induce the shareholders to sell their maximum number of shares to them.There is an extreme importance to study both the perspectives of the entire process of MA. It means the process consists of both the buyers perspective and the sellers perspective. Here, we are going to study these perspectives and try to conclude the outcomes of the entire research.First of all we will see the transaction from the buyers point of view. How a buyer of the firm gathers all required materials, assemble the team, recover the internal team to go on for further details, getting things done by the outside teams, etc.Secondly, we will go for the sellers perspective of the deal. What made the seller to sell his business, preparations made to close the bid, keeping in mind the needs of prospective buyer, gathering the decisions of the sellers entire team, preparing financial terms, taking help from the outsiders, etc.Moreover, we will also focus on the importance of the advisory teams which tours a vital role in closing the deals. They may be accountants, attorneys, investment banks or other financial institutions. As this paper is made to get insight on workings of the Investment banks as an advisor to both the parties i n the deal, we will see more on the entire work done in the former(prenominal) by various Investment banks from all over the world. We will also take some examples of the Investment banks and their financial advisory terms and structures to get exact and insight friendship of the Investment banks as an advisor.Finally, we will conclude on the innovation of ethics, the working of both sides of the merger deals and the ethics used by the Investment banks in its advisory role to the process of mergers and acquisitions.Methodology and DataResearch methods are the techniques for gathering data (Aldridge and Levine, 2001). It is a systematic and orderly approach for get ining and analyzing data and obtaining particular information from collected data (Jankowicz, 2000).The research I am doing on is a topic that can be discussed a lot. Because of its increasing importance, the data regarding my research can be usable in ample bar from number of sources like journals, articles, magazin es and some research papers, electronic search engines from college, World Wide Web, documentary data, Survey based data etc which helps to develop a good literature and synthesize and analyze primary data. Secondary data analysis provides higher quality data than could be obtained by collecting on your own (Stewart and Kamins, 1993). Re-analyzing secondary data can lead to unforeseen or unexpected new discoveries (Saunders et al, 2003). These available secondary data can give me that information that is at least a basic idea giving and can be my first approach to initiate my research work. Because of the day to day financial news is available in Financial News Papers, lot of information regarding investment banks are available from it. Along with that the internet is considered as the best source of getting information on almost every topic we wish to work on. So, my first move to start research would be secondary data available from above mentioned sources.Data appeal through int erviews has been the prime source of this research. An interview is a purposeful discussion between two or more hatful (Kahn and Cannell, 1957). It is a type of social interaction between a researcher and an interviewee, who serves as the potential source of information relevant to the research. The use of interviews helps the researcher to collect valid and reliable data that are significant so as to the research questions and objectives (Saunders et al, 2003). Bryman and Bell (2007) says that the research interview is an important data collection strategy in any type of research whether it is quantitative or qualitative.The major merit of interview to be used as a data collection tool is that it focuses predominantly on the researchers topic along with being more insightful. The objective behind conducting interview is to collect relevant information required to the respondents knowledge in particular field (Merriam, 1994, pp. 86 87).Structure of the StudyThis study has been divi ded into five chapters Chapter two describes empirical literature based on past studies conducted on single and panel countries and an overview of Investment banks working towards the finalizations of merger deals with description of recent trend and progress of MA deals. Chapter three explains the methodology and data used in this study together with the description of variables. Chapter four states the analysis of the collected data and findings. Finally, chapter five provides the results and conclusion derived from the given study.CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW foundation garmentAn acquisition is a transaction where one company buys shares of another company, by issuing its own new shares, cash, debt or a mixture of these forms of consideration. A merger transaction is where both parties agree to combine their business, and for this purpose form a new company that issues shares which replace the shares of both businesses (Reuvid, Jonathan, 2007).Mergers and Acquisition activities have been circled from long time, which is based on various macro economic factors.The overall economic state of the nation and abroad.Stock prices of public listed companies.Liquidity levels in the financial markets.The level of imperativeness by antitrust on Mergers and Acquisitions.The level of regulation in accurate checking of certain industries, such as airlines, telecommunication, banking and other financial services.If the conglomerates or pure play companies are in favour of market experts and analysts.There are so many differences in aspects of the number of companies bought and sold, as well as prices paid for these deals, as time has passed.Firstly, we will see the examples of the merger transactions that had failed due to lack of proper preparations and over spending of money in transaction.Here is the case of Conseco Finance, which was trading near its highest level at $50 per share in June 1998. The CEO of the company, Stephen Hilbert, and the public market were very confident about the companys prospects. However, Hilbert announced the acquisition of jet plane Tree Financial, a subprime mortgage and consumer lending company, for a whopping $7.6 billion, that same month. The offered price was more than seven times the net worth of Green Tree, or a $6.6 billion premium to the tangible book value. Then the disaster had started to happen over the next two years. The stock price of the company dropped to $ to a lower place $10 per share from $50 per share. The company was declared bankrupt in the spring 2003. Moreover, the analysts attributed the companys long and painful downfall to its overpayment for the Green Tree assets and the subsequent wayward impact of that purchase on Consecos operations. This disaster not only resulted in loss of job to Hilbert, but also drove a very successful company out of business.The popular