Sunday, May 24, 2020

Benefits of Youth Sports - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4726 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Sports Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The benefits of youth sports Points Amateur sports used to mean varsity and JV teams in high school and college, but today more than thirty million kids play on a wide range of recreational and competitive or select teams at younger and younger ages. Parents want to encourage safe sports for their children, both on the field and off. Whether your athlete is a five-year-old beginner or the star of a varsity team, The Young Athlete provides guidance on everything from working with the coach to preventing and treating sports-related injuries. Jordan D. Metzl, M. D. co-founder and medical director of The Sports Medicine Institute for Young Athletes and one of Americas premier pediatric sports physicians, explains: * How to keep your child athlete healthy in mind and body * How to deal with the coach and other parents and help your child handle team pressure * How to recognize and prevent injuries such as fractures, ligament tears, and repetitive stress injuries * How to recognize when your child is doing too much * How to judge the impact of daily physical practice on growing bodies The Young Athlete provides two kinds of guidelines. First, it helps both you and your child keep a sensible perspective on the benefits of organized sports and avoid a win at all costs mentality. Through personal advice and anecdotes from his medical practice, Dr. Metzl, a marathon runner, Ironman triathelete, and former college soccer player, helps parents evaluate real-life situations and decisions. He addresses the concerns of parents who have no experience in sports but want to encourage their children to achieve their utmost potential. Second, this book focuses on strategies that can help prevent injuries and promote health. Dr. Metzl tells you how to recognize the most common injuries and determine their degree of seriousness. He also discusses the nutritional needs of the developing athlete and the benefits of strength and preventive conditioning before and during t he season. The Young Athlete is a comprehensive guide that will enable your young athlete to be the best that he or she can be, both on and off the field. Chapter 1 MENS SANA IN CORPORE SANO (A SOUND MIND IN A SOUND BODY) Sports are for fun, but they also offer benefits and lessons that carry over into all aspects of life. When kids are asked why they play sports, heres what they say: * To have fun * To improve their skills * To learn new skills * To be with their friends * To make new friends * To succeed or win * To become physically fit Kids usually get the benefits they seek from sports and more. Kids need attention and respect (in that order), but they have few ways to get them. What is unique about sports is that they offer kids an arena where they can earn attention and respect by exerting their natural abilities. Kids are good at sports because sports are essentially about speed, strength, coordination, vision, creativity, and responsiveness-the necessary physical attr ibutes are the attributes of youth. Given that athletics involves all aspects of the human being, it is not surprising that participants benefit in all of the areas they mention. According to researchers at the Institute for the Study of Youth Sports at Michigan State University, kids who participate in organized sports do better in school, have better interpersonal skills, are more team oriented, and are generally healthier. Participation in sports provides opportunities for leadership and socialization, as well as the development of skills for handling success and failure. Moreover, when playing games, children learn how rules work. They see how groups need rules to keep order, that the individual must accept the rules for the good of the group, that rules entail a consideration of the rights of others. They also learn about competition, but within a restricted and safe system where the consequences of losing are minimized. Benefits for girls have been of particular interest to researchers. The Presidents Council on Physical Fitness and Sports reports many developmental benefits of participating in youth sports for girls, including increased self-esteem and self-confidence, healthier body image, significant experiences of competency and success, as well as reduced risk of chronic disease. Furthermore, female athletes do better academically and have lower school dropout rates than their nonathletic counterparts. The Womens Sports Foundation lists many ways that sports specifically benefit female athletes. These include their being less likely to become pregnant as teenagers, less likely to begin smoking, more likely to quit smoking, more likely to do well in science, and more likely to graduate from high school and college than female nonathletes. Female athletes also take greater pride in their physical and social selves than their sedentary peers; they are more active physically as they age; they suffer less depression. There is also some evidence that recreational physical activity decreases a womans chances of developing breast cancer and helps prevent osteoporosis. I am convinced that sports offer a unique arena in which children can successfully exert their talents. The arena is unique for two reasons. First, sports engage the child as a complete human being: all facets-not just physical, but also social, cognitive, and psychological-are engaged harmoniously in striving toward peak fulfillment. Second, sports involve youths working in an ongoing community composed of their peers as well as their peers families. Sports, that is, offer children an exhilarating, satisfying, rewarding way to participate in a larger world not generally accessible to nonathletes. Ads by Google Sale On Luna Sports Clothing Save Up To 20% On Luna Sports Free Shipping On Orders Over $50! RealCyclist. com/LunaSportsClothing Fundraising and Auctions We run fee-FREE auctions at events supply Memorabilia at COST price! www. helpinghand. com. a u Good Health Worldwide International Health Medical Insurance For Expats Overseas www. GoodHealthWorldwide. com Physical Benefits Fitness. Kids who play sports develop general physical fitness in a way thats fun, and they establish lifelong habits for good health. This is particularly important at a time when obesity in the United States has reached epidemic proportions: the incidence of obesity has increased by more than 50 percent among Americas children and teens since 1976 and continues to grow at a staggering rate! Stress relief. Sports allow kids to clear their minds of academic and social pressures, to literally run off the tension thats accumulated in their muscles. In the words of one patient, If you play really hard, you feel better because playing takes your mind off things that bother you, and afterwards you can concentrate better. Most doctors recognize the positive mental effect of physical exertion, even though were not sure exactly why this is so. I know that my ability to study in college and medical school was greatly enhanced when I ran during the day, and Im not the only athlete to find this true. Many athletes get better grades in-season (theories posit the discipline and the need to manage time, along with an increased ability to concentrate). During exams, Duke University opens its gyms twenty-four hours a day to provide stress relief for its students. Mastery. Sports give kids a satisfying, enjoyable way to develop their own talents: through personal effort they get good at something theyre interested in. Doing something well makes them feel good about themselves, but equally important, it teaches them about the process of how to improve and work more effectively. Learning a skill-to dribble left-handed, say, or to execute an effective second serve-entails a recognition that practice is essential and that improvement is incremental. The process of repetition teaches the athlete how to master a move and also how to experiment wit h different approaches to improve a skill. The feedback in sports is usually immediate and visible-does the ball go into the basket? -so that the athlete can change or repeat what shes doing and figure out how to get better. Not only that, the whole process of seeing practice lead to improvement gives kids a feeling of control, a feeling all too rare in their lives. Healthy habits. Because sports increase an awareness of ones body and how it responds to different stimuli and circumstances, sports help prevent drug and alcohol abuse. Most athletes value what their bodies can do and want to maintain those abilities. Being an athlete also gives kids an acceptable reason for telling their friends no to drugs, booze, and other high-risk, unhealthy behaviors. (Of course, not all athletes avoid drugs and alcohol. ) Ads by Google Why Meditation? 15 Minutes Of Meditation Each Day Will Dramatically Improve Your Life www. silvaultramindsystem. com How to Do Meditation? Easily Learn How t o Meditate Download Free Meditation Audio www. SilvaLifeSystem. com Racing camels,horses,dogs improve performance, muscle tone increase work rate ,appetite, www. collovet. com. au Personal Benefits Valuing preparation. Sports help kids learn to distinguish between effort and ability. Sports increase self-discipline and the awareness of the value of preparation because kids can see the difference in their performance. Competitive athletes learn the importance of effort, being prepared (mentally and physically), and enlightened risk-taking. They see that raw physical talent is not always sufficient to win the game, but that preparation is essential. This includes mental preparation (staying focused) and physical fitness as well as practicing the plays with their teammates in team sports. They learn to evaluate risk versus reward. Another invaluable lesson is discovering that mistakes are part of learning; they signal that a particular approach is unsuccessful and you must try an other. Kids also learn to deal productively with criticism as part of improvement and preparation. Resilience. Sports provide an unparalleled model for dealing with disappointment and misfortune. Young athletes learn to handle adversity, whether its picking themselves up after losing a big game or not getting as many minutes as they wanted. They find ways to deal with losing and go on, because theres another big game next week or next year. They figure out what to do to get what they want for themselves. They put in extra time on fitness or work on specific weaknesses in their game (long-ball trapping, hitting to the opposite field, looking the ball into their hands). Athletes also learn to deal with the physical and psychological effects of injury. I broke my jaw playing soccer and missed most of the season my junior year in high school. I went through the classic stages of grief, from This cant be true to ultimate acceptance. Two months of sitting out, waiting to heal, and d ealing with physical and emotional pain was devastating. There were times early on when I sat in my bed whimpering from pain. But as time went on and my jaw began to heal, I somehow began to realize what almost all athletes in pain realize: the only person who is going to help you is yourself. You find the limits of what you can ask of yourself and know that you will deliver. This learning to get the best out of yourself carries over into all aspects of life. People can find their internal drive through training and hard work, but adversity really brings it out. In my case, I came back with stronger resolve. In my senior year I became an all-district soccer player and was propelled toward a college soccer career. Attitude control. Older teens learn that a confident attitude improves their performance, and that they have some control over their attitude. They learn to disregard comparative stats in preparing for an opponent and instead to adopt attitude enhancers such as visualiza tion exercises, team or individual rituals, singing specific songs together, or having dinner as a team the night before the game. Some might call these superstitions, others, self-fulfilling prophecies, but they work. Leadership opportunities. Team sports offer kids a rare opportunity to serve as leaders. Kids can be in a position to assess the strengths and weaknesses of their various teammates and help to exploit their strengths and compensate for their weaknesses. They can minimize conflicts among players. They can reinforce values-such as fair play, teamsmanship, hard work, mental preparation-by speaking up when appropriate and setting a good example. They can also take the initiative in arranging for team dress on game days (football players wear their jerseys to class, female basketball players wear their warm-up pants), organizing team dinners or team movie nights, and inviting teachers and administrators to their games. Identity and balance. Being part of a group is i nordinately important to kids, and sports make kids feel like they belong, whether its to the group of athletes in general or their team in particular. Sports also contribute to a teenagers sense of a stable identity with particular values. Im a football player is a very different statement than I play football. People are complicated, however; no individual is just one thing. Its better to encourage children-and adults-not to assume a single identity to the exclusion of all else. Time management. Young athletes learn to manage their time productively. They know they have to get their homework done, so they learn not to waste time (some of them even quit watching television and hanging out at the mall). They plan ahead, so that big school projects dont catch them by surprise. They even figure out they have to eat well and get a good nights sleep. Countless athletes, in school and the workplace, say that being an athlete taught them discipline that is invaluable in their lives on and off the field. Long-term thinking. Athletes learn the fundamental lesson of sacrificing immediate gratification for long-term gain. This is the basis for personal success as well as for civilization in general, and no lesson can be more valuable. Ads by Google Under New Ownership Local running/sk8/sport shop Students save 10% www. ontherunsports. com Masters Sport Management AISTS offers a Masters Degree in Sports Administration Technology www. aists. rg Racing camels,horses,dogs improve performance, muscle tone increase work rate ,appetite, www. collovet. com. au Social benefits Sports are a social activity. Team sports are obviously done with other people, but even individual sports are often done as a team (tennis, golf, track). All sports, however, are intended to be performed in front of others, and the social ramifications are many. Here are some of them. Relationships with other kids. Athletes develop relationships with their teammates. For boys, sports are a primary, a nd unfortunately sometimes the sole, way of socializing with others. In many schools and communities, nonathletic males find it difficult to develop a social network at all. For girls, who according to the feminist theorist Carol Gilligan tend to define themselves through their relationships rather than their achievements, sports offer yet another way to make friends and create an alternate peer group. According to Mike Nerney, a consultant in substance abuse prevention and education, multiple peer groups are always a good idea for teens, who have an intense need for inclusion and belonging, but who can also be volatile, cruel to each other, and foment destructive behavior as a group. Having a refuge when relations go wrong with one group can alleviate a great deal of stress and offer an alternative for kids who feel uncomfortable or frightened by peers who engage in high-risk activities. Teamwork. On a team, kids learn about cooperation, camaraderie, give-and-take. They learn that while their natural position might be wide receiver, the team needs a cornerback, so they sacrifice their personal desires and play defense. They learn that you dont have to like someone in order to work together toward a common goal. They also discover that you can work for people you dont respect and still be productive, improve your skills, and have fun. A team is a natural environment in which to learn responsibility to others: you cant stay out carousing the night before a game; sometimes you need to pass up a party in order to show up and play well. Kids learn these lessons from their teammates and, most important, a coach who encourages the good of the team over the needs of an individual player. This attitude is sometimes rare in todays sports climate, where whats glorified is to be the man. I think the earlier the message is instilled about the good of the larger whole, the better for kids in the long run. Diversity. Organized sports sponsored by clubs or youth lea gues not affiliated with schools offer players an opportunity to meet a variety of kids from different backgrounds. Students from public, private, and parochial schools come together in a common enterprise, crossing socioeconomic and ethnic lines, so that over time all players broaden their sense of how other people live. The genuinely multicultural environment is of tremendous importance in our polarized society. Kids play on the same team, wear the same uniform, share the same objectives and experiences. Sports are a great equalizer: rich or poor, black, brown, or white, are irrelevant. What counts is talent and heart. Ads by Google Football Stats CG Real-time on-air graphics Statistical data scouting system www. wtvision. com Movie Trailers Preview the latest movie trailers for new ; upcoming movies. movies. 701panduan. com Malaysia Tour Packages Beach, Diving ; City Experience Affordable Rates. Contact Us Today! www. mvision. com. my Social benefits part 2 Relationships wi th adults. When coaches, parents, and kids see each other at practice and games week after week, year after year, the adults learn to admire and praise the kids prowess and progress, even when kids are as young as third graders. This kind of attention helps youngsters learn to balance their own evaluation of their improving skills with the appraisal of others who are not blood relatives; they also begin the lifelong process of figuring out whom to listen to when they hear conflicting advice or assessments. In addition, for young athletes of all ages, attention from interested adults is not only flattering but also helps them overcome shyness and develop poise when talking to relative strangers in social situations. The ability to feel comfortable in a variety of social circumstances will be progressively more valuable in a world of multiple cultures and decreasing numbers of supportive communities. Sports give kids an opportunity to spend ongoing periods of time with an adult in a shared endeavor. Indeed, kids may spend more time with their coach than with any other adult in their lives, especially if theyre on a school team or a club team that practices two or more times a week. Ideally this coach cares about them as whole beings rather than particular talents who can run for touchdowns or block opponents shots. To thrive, kids need to be with adults who want them to do well in a variety of endeavors, who notice their improvements and hard work, who manifest sound values, and who dont pay attention to them solely because of their contributions to the win column. The coach-player relationship can be very strong, and even parentlike. Coaches of young athletes take on a tremendous responsibility to set a good example and treat their players respectfully. Thankfully, most coaches take this responsibility very seriously. Sometimes, the coach-player relationship can even be life-saving. A female coach of a varsity boys team reported that one of her players came to her saying, I need to talk to you. I found blood in my urine. Let me ask you something, the coach replied. Have you been having unprotected sex? No, of course not. I cant believe you asked me that, he said. Well, I need to know what direction to take you in. No matter what happened, you need to see a doctor. The coach recalled, This boy was very good looking and very popular. I knew what was going on. The doctor found he had picked up a venereal disease which could have made him infertile. The boy called me from the doctors office to say thank you. Participating in a community. Sports foster a sense of community: they give both participants and spectators the experience of belonging to something larger than themselves, the need for which seems to e hard-wired into the human brain. This is why kids love playing for their schools, why high school football games in small cities can draw tens of thousands of spectators week after week, and why adults identify with their college teams years after they have graduated. Playing for an institution or a community gives kids a chance to feel that they are making a genuine contribution to a larger group. Ads by Google Sports Stores Get all sort of sports equipments. Find list of sports stores here. www. 701panduan. com retire? After all the bills will yiu have enough to retire on? thisopneroad. com Smart Parents 7L Strategy Get Free e-zines, tips secrets to happier family and brighter kids! www. SmartParents. com. my High and low Sports can actually change the physiology of athletes and fans. Physical exertion can raise the level of pheronemes and endorphins, brain chemicals that cause exhilaration. Exercise can also elevate the serum testosterone level, which makes the heart beat faster. Spectators can feel depressed when their team loses and elated when their team wins. They, too, undergo physiological changes when watching their team: fans of the winning team experience an increase in testosteron e, whereas supporters of the losers undergo a decrease in testosterone. When playing for school or club teams, young athletes are afforded the opportunity to see how grownups and children treat one another and how this treatment has long-term consequences. They can see which adults care about kids, are willing to do their fair share and more, and take a stand for what they believe in. They see which parents are cooperative-pitching in to help with snacks, driving their kids teammates to games, serving as team treasurer, volunteering to line the fields on cold, rainy mornings. They hear parents screaming at the officials and recognize which ones know the rules and which dont. They see who supports their own children and others, who bullies their children or the officials. They see parents who teach their children to assume they are always right, are better than the other players, and that someone else, anyone else, is always at fault if things go wrong. They also see how the ki ds in these families emulate or reject their parents behavior. They think about how they will treat their own children and how they will behave with their friends as members of groups. One hockey father says, Part of the benefit of sports is that children observe its complex social dynamic among coaches, parents, players, and officials. Theres a wide range of ethics, such as the attitude toward authority. Do you try to abide by the spirit of the rules, get away with what you can, accept what an official says, or do you argue and yell at him, or complain about it? Another major element they encounter is the difference between teammates who are good at communicating and sharing versus those who are out to get what they can for themselves. This is a dichotomy adults face throughout life. Kids involved in sports have to consciously or subconsciously figure out where they fit into those various spectrums. Participating for years on the same team not only improves the play, because th e players learn each others strengths and weaknesses and where theyll be on the field or court, but it gives kids a wider view of the world and the people in it. Ads by Google Discount Hydration Wide Selection Of Brands ; Products Free Delivery For Orders Over S$50! BestBuy-World. com/ Stem Cell Autism Therapy Patients are Seeing Results Today Dont wait for Treatment Learn more www. StemCellTreatmentNow. com Smart Parents 7L Strategy Get Free e-zines, tips secrets to happier family and brighter kids! www. SmartParents. com. my Similarities of sports and arts Are the benefits of sports unique? Many have noted that the arts produce many of the same benefits as sports, for both participant and spectator. Sports entail all elements of human life-physical, emotional, cognitive, social-but in a simplified, orderly form. Sports boil life down to competition governed by agreed-upon rules. The opponents are known, the goals clear and quantifiable. Athletes practice the skills necessar y to excel and gain a sense of control and mastery. Sports are a public performance, which fosters a sense of community among people-participants as well as spectators-who would otherwise be strangers. At their best, they produce a sense of exhilaration. The arts are the other significant leisure activity that distills life down to simpler forms. The arts simplify life by selecting and arranging certain elements to create a unified, expressive whole. They too are intended for an audience. The performing arts, dance in particular, have much in common with sports: they take place outside of everyday life, the activities are physical and demand practice, and performance can produce exhilaration and a sense of community. What makes sports different from the arts is that they demand a spontaneous response to surprise. A dance is choreographed; the dancers know what they are to do at every moment. A game has set plays, but the athletes must respond to what their opponents do, or to the unexpected bounce of the ball. The denouement of the game is uncertain, often until its final seconds. This combination of total human exertion with an environment that balances control, spontaneity, and uncertainty leads to the unique excitement and satisfaction of sports, for both athletes and spectators. * As with most spheres of human endeavor, the benefits of sports can easily turn into deficits. Moderation is, as the Greeks pointed out, the key to wisdom. Many in the athletic community worry that youth sports have become too serious, and that the win-at-all-costs mentality has become the reality today. Youth sports shouldnt be an obsession that excludes other areas of life (academics, the arts, community service, family life, religious training). Sports should be just one arena of many in which kids have a chance to express themselves and have fun. When winning is overvalued, the idea of sportsmanship and fair play disappears, as does concern for the whole child. Whe n only a kids athletic talent is important, her character development, her academic performance and needs, her long-term physical health, the development of her skills at other positions on a team are neglected. The pressure to be a winner may push some young athletes toward unsafe performance-enhancing drugs or body-building supplements. Furthermore, when winning is the prime value, the public nature of sports can turn sour. An athlete who is not playing well or makes a mistake may feel humiliation and shame because she knows everyone is watching. Being a member of a team can become destructive if the players turn arrogant and fall into an us-them mentality, seeing opponents as the enemy and treating their nonathletic peers as inferior or contemptible. Furthermore, if a teenager overidentifies as an athlete, he will be ignoring other interests at a time when he should be broadening rather than narrowing his horizons. College and professional sports have become corrupted by the w in-at-all-costs mentality, and this corruption is intensified by big-money contracts for winning players, coaches, and organizations. Loyalty, camaraderie, sportsmanship, the joy of mastering skills- these values all too often disappear when winning is the only thing. If they remain uninfected by the toxins of winning at all costs and instead focus on effort and fair play, youth sports can be beautiful, exciting, and fun. They can provide kids with an extraordinary opportunity to express their talents and their character, to run around screaming and laughing with joy. The job of parents and coaches of young athletes is to maximize the benefits and minimize the deficits of youth sports by keeping a long-term perspective and helping kids do the same. Author Jordan D. Metzl, M. D. , is the medical director of the Sports Medicine Institute for Young Athletes at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City. A Medical contributor to CBS News, he has published widely in the fie ld of sports medicine and speaks regularly to medical and parent groups both in the United States and around the world. A former college soccer player, Dr. Metzl is a seventeen-time marathon runner and two-time Ironman triathlete. More Carol Shookhoff, Ph. D. , writes frequently on educational issues. She is the mother of a teenage soccer player who also plays basketball and lacrosse and runs track. More Don’t waste time! 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Thursday, May 14, 2020

The Year Program An Important Role For Helping People...

Barack Obama says â€Å"community colleges play an important role in helping people transition between careers by providing the retooling they need to take on a new career†. Junior year of high school is where students starts to think, and prepare for college. There’re some students that are well prepared, and knows exactly what career path to take. Also, there’s those students that are set to go to their dream school, but there’re also those students who struggles until they reach college school still trying to figure out what they want to do in the future. Although the 2-year program and the 4-year program both offer degrees, the amount of benefits that the student can obtain have a significant difference. Compare to the 4-year program 2-year program is more flexible in admission, tuition fee is a lot cheaper, and has distinct types of degrees to offer. Primary 2-year program have an easier admission than the 4-year program. Getting in a 2-year program school is easy by just taking an exam to determine the placement of the student. For example, depending on the students ACT score they have a choice whether to take the entrance exam, or use their ACT score to distinguish their education level. It helps students that needs relearning to reeducate themselves, and give them time to improve themselves. Students that decided to attend a 2-year program gives them the advantage to improve, and prepare themselves for their future career. Certain students are placed in higher level,Show MoreRelatedNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 PagesNational Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract No. 65815 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Robert Wo od Johnson Foundation. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Latino Voters And Hispanic Voters - 998 Words

There were 3,427 voters from the 62% in the city of Los Angeles that were selected for the survey in June 5, 2001(Abrajano, Nagler, Alverez, 2005). The result showed that there were racial preference in the voting patterns for the mayoral race, where 82% of Latino voters supported the Latino candidate Villaraigosa, 79% of black voters supported the white candidate Hahn and 58% of whites voted for Hahn (Abrajano, Nagler, Alverez, 2005). Delgadillo won the city attorney race receiving the majority support from the Latino voters and black voters (Abrajano, Nagler, Alverez, 2005). White voters who crossed over to vote for a Latino candidate voted based on the issue and position that the candidate was running on, but for Latino voters who voted for the white candidate, the context of the race mattered less (Abrajano, Nagler, Alverez, 2005). In the spatial model, voter’s ideology had a positive significance in both races (Abrajano, Nagler, Alverez, 2005). 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Challenges and Issues in Hospitality

Question: Discuss about the Challenges and Issues in Hospitality Human resource Management. Answer: Introduction In this highly competitive travel and tourism market in Dubai different renowned hotel chains like Four Seasons, The Oberoi, Hilton Hotels et cetera have tried to penetrate the market which has made it tougher for new Hospitality organisations to enter the market. One such organisation is the Indian Hotel Chain Giant the Taj Hotels. The Taj hotels have opened two new properties in Dubai and the organisation is trying to penetrate the market with its unique and authentic Indian style which has helped it to make an impression in the market. One of the key challenges that almost all the different hotel chains had to face in the Dubai Hospitality market is staffing issues and hence it has become extremely important for the organisation to analyse the different issues and challenges that the organisation faces in recruitment, selection and retention of staffs in the Dubai operations which would help to make effective and suitable recommendations for the organisation to improve its busines s operations and gain competitive advantage in the market (Dowling, Festing Engle, 2013). Hence the present study will take an opportunity to discuss the different key aspects of recruitment, selection and retention for The Taj Dubai and will suggest key strategies to improve HR operations which would help the organisation to make sure it has proper and suitable workforce to compete in this highly competitive market in Dubai. Competition in the Dubai Hotel Industry The hotel industry is one of the most competitive industries in the global market. All across the world there has been a certain boost in the interest among people regarding travel and tourism which has helped many hotel companies to develop their businesses in different regions of the world. Travel and tourism industry has spread all over the world which has helped the number of tourism organisations to establish their business and serve number of tourists all across the world. All across the world there are number of destinations that have become very popular among the consumers like UK, Australia, Greece, Malaysia, Thailand and UAE especially Dubai (C.G. Davidson, McPhail, Barry, 2011). Dubai the heart of the UAE has become one of the most visited and loved tourism destination all across the world even in a highly tumultuous condition of the Middle East. Huge number of tourists every year visit Dubai for its wonderful scenic beauty, Aristocracy, and for its shopping culture. Duba i is one of the richest places in the Earth and hence most of the rich people visit Dubai for its exclusive nature. It is considered as the Las Vegas of the Middle East and the conditions here are largely conducive for travel and tourism (Boxall Purcell, 2011). It is important to mention that in last few decades Dubai has become a complete tourist destination and a number of classic hotel chains have grown up in this area which has slowly and steadily become highly competitive. Given the constant increase in interest among the consumers regarding Dubai, there are various top class hotel chains which has increased the competition in the hotel market in Dubai. In this scenario entering the hospitality market in Dubai wouldnt be highly successful for an organisation like the The Taj which is one of the leading hotel chains in the world. The Taj Dubai has recently opened up two new properties in Dubai facing the great edifice Burj Khalifa. It has been noticed that the hospitality market in Dubai has become highly competitive but companies have faced setbacks due to the constantly increasing HR issues in the market. The competition has significantly increased in the recent past among the top hotels in Dubai to capture greater market share. The c ompetition has increased among hotels not only to increase the market share but also to have the best possible staffs in the organisation (Dessler, 2013). Fig 1: Dubai Hotel Sector From the above graph it is very clear that Dubai Hotel sector has grown significantly in the last few years. From the year 2009 it has had significant growth and the total occupancy has also increased which is one of the major reasons for the increased competition in the Hospitality market in Dubai. Given the constant increase in the Hotel sector it could be said that staffs have become extremely important for the hotel chains operating in the country especially for the new entrants in the Dubai market. As per the statistics reflected above it could be said that The Taj Dubai will have to be very prudent with their business strategy or else it will face significant issues in the market regarding business operations. The hotel occupancy over the last few years have increased rapidly which provides a great opportunity for the new organisations entering the hospitality market in Dubai but it also requires very efficient workforce which has become an imperative issue in the Dubai Hospita lity sector and needs to be discussed effectively (Mondy Mondy, 2013). Key issues and challenges in HR for Taj Hotels in Dubai Operations The Hotel Industry in the Emirates has Experiences a major issue which is staffing issue. The staffing issues have been one of the key topics of interest for the Hoteliers and management scholars especially in the Middle East. Organisations like Marriot, Hilton, Accor hotels all have been very particular about their staffing process which would help them to combat the constantly growing competition in the market, but the key HR issues in selection, recruitment and retention have severely harmed the organisational operation and hence it is extremely important for the Taj Hotels Dubai to make sure they understand all the key issues facing the selection, recruitment strategies of the organisation (Mello, 2011). In the service industry like Hospitality staffs play a key role in the overall growth and development of an organisation and hence every hotel company focuses on getting the best possible workforce in the organisation which would help to gain competitive advantage in the market, but the attrition level and staffing crisis in the leisure sector in Middle East Tourism industry has been a tremendous issue that has affected all the strategies taken up by organisations to have a stable workforce working for the organisation. The major challenges that Middle East Hospitality organisations face are learning and development, reinventing human resources, leadership and culture and engagement. The HR professionals in the Dubai hotel industry have faced significant issues regarding recruitment, selection and retention (Bharwani Butt, 2012). In the highly competitive hospitality industry in Dubai there are several key challenges that the HR department of the organisation The Taj Hotel Dubai wil l have to face which are: Selection, recruitment and retention: One of the major aspects in the business is staffs and the growing hotel industry in Dubai have faced severe employment crisis. The competitive environment in the market has also affected retention and hence the attrition level has increased. With the increase in footfalls the consumers have become highly conservative about the kind of services they are offered but it could be said that lack of efficient staffs have affected the quality of overall service provision in the market. The right application of recruitment selection and retention strategies is important to meet the recruitment objectives of the organisation. Lack of communication is an important issue in selection and recruitment and even in failing to retain employees for the organisation, the high political influence in recruiting local people, lack of proper knowledge and experience are some of the major challenges in recruitment of hospitality staffs in Dubai in this case for the HR department of the organisation Taj Dubai. Diversity and discrimination: This is another key challenge that the HR department of the organisation has to face. Diversity maintenance in business is extremely important but it is also important to ensure that people from different working together must not feel aloof and not exploited in any way which would create significant issue in the business (Chan Kuok, 2011). Corporate culture: The corporate culture of an organisation is the way it perceives the society and tries to contribute to the overall growth and development of the society. The Taj is very particular about its corporate culture and have become renowned for its effective corporate culture but operating in a completely different environment could create significant problems for the company and it might not be able to implement the same corporate culture within the operations and hence it is important for the organisations to make sure it is able to understand as well as focus on constantly working on its corporate culture (Chen, 2009). Legal and political issues: The legal and political issues are the biggest barriers in overseas operation. Most of the leading multinational organisations face legal and political issues while operating and hence it becomes essential for the HR management of Taj to make sure they are aware of the different key legal and political regulations which would help them to comply with while operating in the country. The employment conditions in the Hotel industry are not good because of the demographic changes and generational transitions. On the other hand the high inclinations of companies to place the expatriates in the top managerial positions have had huge impact on the workforce due to communication and cultural issues. The Middle East has been suffering from political turmoil. Even though UAE is hardly affected from this but the police and the administration are highly focused on providing Visas to the right people who takes a huge time for expatriates to go and settle (Day, 2012). Cultural issues: Cultural issues are another major difference among the workforce. Understanding the cultural taste and preference of the people in a new place takes a lot of time and hence it becomes really tough to work within a culturally different group and hence it is important for the HR department to make sure effective strategies are implemented in order to focus on having the best possible workforce in place. In Dubai the people mostly speak Arabic and many people are highly skeptical about speaking any other language even though English is widely used in the place. Communication could become tough in case the local employees insist on speaking Arabic or Persian. The Taj Hotel is highly famous for its traditional Indian style and culture which could become a key difference in managing the operations (Dixit, 2014). Economic aspects: The HR department of Taj will have to make sure that it is able to cut down on the high areas of costs. Especially in the recruitment process it should focus on having the right kind of workforce but at an affordable price. The higher investment of cost in the early stage of business operations will force significant liability to the organisation which if not met properly will create significant financial setbacks for the organisation. Technical issues: In the contemporary business world technology plays a huge role and hence it is important for the organisation to make sure that technical issues like communication and information system are properly managed. This becomes a key challenge to combat as managing database of information, communication systems could be difficult. Implementation of technology could be a complex process and hence there could be number of technical issues which need to be eliminated before it takes a toll on the business operations (Garcia-Carbonell, Martin-Alcazar, Sanchez-Gardey, 2014). These are the key challenges that have the potential to impact the business operation of Taj Dubai if they are not mitigated with suitable strategies. Strategies to mitigate the key HR challenges and issues for Taj Dubai At the present moment competition is significantly high in the Dubai hospitality sector which needs the organisation Taj to implement an effective recruitment and selection strategy. The recruitment and selection strategy of the organisation Taj Hotel Dubai should be completely based on particular labor market which would help to ensure the right kind of employees are taken in for the operations of the organisation. The labor market in Dubai had fluctuated significantly in the past but now it is becoming steady market. Fig 2: Labor Force Participation UAE The above statistics clearly shows that Dubai will receive a consistent labor force participation in this year as well which provides an opportunity for the organisation to choose its labor force properly. It has been stated that the demographic change in the market has significantly affected the organisational recruitments as there will be a downward movement of the labor force in the country. Hence it is important for the organisation to have an effective strategy of proper analysis of the labor market and accordingly choosing people for screening interviews. For this the organisation could use different portals to receive applications and accordingly short listing people. In this case the target labor market of the organisation would be the 18 to 36 age group with at least college graduation degree (for lower level staffs), for management staffs at least an MBA in the respective field will help to get the right kind of employee (Herington, McPhail, Guilding, 2013). The screening interview with some direct questions will help to filter out the different ineligible candidates which would make the system of hiring people easier. The recruitment board will select a panel for the selection procedure where direct questions and job related questions would be asked with practical applications through psychometric tests which would help to get the best possible talent working for the company. The selection and recruitment will be done by complying all the possible laws and regulations regarding the compensation policies and working hours and minimum wage which would eliminate the barriers for recruitment and selection. For retaining the efficient employees the organisation should first of all implement internal recruitment programs which would help to provide financial and positional increments to efficient employees which would help to get engaged with the organisational operations. The intrinsic and extrinsic motivational approach with the help of inc entives and fringe benefits better than other companies would also help to retain employees (Kashyap, 2014). The Geocentric approach to staffing would be an extremely effective approach to retain employees as recruiting people based on their talent in Hospitality industry is very important. On the other hand maintaining the right balance is important for the Taj Hotel and hence understanding the number of expatriates it should have ("Expanding Into New Markets with Limited Resources, by Chris Mumford", 2017). The governments in the Middle East have created excessive pressure to open job opportunities for locals and hence it is important for the organisation to put expatriates in some key positions and then apply geocentric approach to staffing which would help to get the best possible employees for the different positions. The corporate culture of the organisation is mainly based on professional relationship and participative culture where each and every employee is free to provide their views for the overall growth and development of the business (J. du Plessis, Douangphichit, Dodd, 2015) . In this case the organisation would be able to keep retain its corporate culture by breaking the communication barriers through different kinds of communication. Implementing an effective cross cultural upper management team who have ample experience of handling overseas operations and have expertise in developing foreign relationships will be highly effective in this situation (Mahendru Kaleka, n.d.). Putting in place effective performance management system will largely help the organisation to make sure the workforce is performing well and it will also help to understand the training and development needs. There are different performance management tools but for the initial phase of the business the Key performance indicators will work very effectively for the employees working in the organisation. The On Job Training program is effective for the employees to get continuous knowledge, on the other hand the training based on the culture, language and Occupational health and safety should be given in order to make sure the employees are ready to hit the floor ("HR Policies At The Taj: Lessons To Emulate | Business Article | MBA Skool-Study.Learn.Share.", 2017). The hospitality sector is very hectic for the employees and hence it is important for the employees to provide work life balance which would only come when the organisation realises its workforce as assets. The Taj Hotels cu lture has always been focused on providing its employee flexibility for which it has developed number of effective strategies. The organisation should provide work flexibility to the employees like providing short flexible work hours, proper break timings, and effective company sponsored holidays and vacations which would help to keep the employees content and engaged with the company (Paauwe, 2009). The organisation believes in Corporate Social Responsibility and hence focuses on encouraging its employees to take the responsibility which not only helps to motivate employees to work for the company but also helps to make sure the society also backs the organisation. The company focuses on contributing to the environmental awareness campaign, reduction of plastics and paper usage, educational awareness campaigns and it represents its employees which creates a deep bonding with the employees. Hence it could be said that the organisation Taj Dubai should use these strategies to mitigate the operational issues and challenges (Sherkar, 2015). Conclusion The organisation Taj Hotel Dubai has entered a very competitive market and it is important for the organisation to address its recruitment, selection and retention issues. A geocentric approach to staffing will help the organisation to make sure the right mix of expatriates and local people are there in the workforce that would help to be in good terms with the government and the administration of the country. Effective performance management with the help of KPIs and on job training procedures will be effective in developing workforce of the organisation. The corporate culture could be used to make sure that employees communicate among each other breaking any barrier of communication and background issues (Sherwyn, 2008). Finally the organisation would be able to engage employees through CSR campaigns and by providing work life balance through flexibility. Recommendations It is important for the organisation to recruit upper management staffs through internal screening which would help to have people experienced in handling overseas business. This will make them efficient expatriates ready to control foreign workforce. The implementation of technology for efficient screening of the employees is important as it will help to get the right kind of employees for the organisational operation ("The Practice of Aligning HRM to Business Strategy and It", 2016). The implementation of extrinsic and intrinsic motivational concepts will be effective. This will help to understand the interest of the different employees and accordingly help to compensate them helping to retain employees effectively (Vashishth, 2012). There is a strong need of a research and development team to be in place as this will prove to be highly efficient for providing suggestions and insights on the market information about the competitors and their movements in the market. Establishing leadership in management will be extremely important for the organisation as it will help to focus on implementing the strategies discussed and analysing them to understand their efficacy. Leaders play an important role especially in overseas operation and hence application of suitable leadership is essential for the organisation (Wood, 2003). References Bharwani, S. Butt, N. (2012). Challenges for the global hospitality industry: an HR perspective.Worldwide Hospitality And Tourism Themes,4(2), 150-162. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17554211211217325 C.G. Davidson, M., McPhail, R., Barry, S. (2011). Hospitality HRM: past, present and the future.International Journal Of Contemporary Hospitality Management,23(4), 498-516. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596111111130001 Chan, S. Kuok, O. (2011). A Study of Human Resources Recruitment, Selection, and Retention Issues in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry in Macau.Journal Of Human Resources In Hospitality Tourism,10(4), 421-441. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2011.588579 Chen, W. (2009). Business Risks, Business Strategies, HRM and De-Globalization.Asian Social Science,5(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v5n1p18 Day, J. 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Strategic human resource management (3rded). Mason, OH: south western Cengage Learning. Mondy, R.W., Mondy, J.B. (2013). Human resource management (13th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. Expanding Into New Markets with Limited Resources, by Chris Mumford. (2017).Hotelexecutive.com. Retrieved 10 March 2017, from https://hotelexecutive.com/business_review/3436/expanding-into- HR Policies At The Taj: Lessons To Emulate | Business Article | MBA Skool-Study.Learn.Share.. (2017).MBA Skool-Study.Learn.Share.. Retrieved 10 March 2017, from https://www.mbaskool.com/business-articles/human-resource/1339-